Water soluble vitamins
The number of water soluble vitamins
10
4
Found in pumpkins and carrots.
beta-carotene
Dairy products, tofu, and spinach are food sources of this.
calcium
Compounds that donate electrons to stabilize oxidized molecules.
antioxidants
B vitamins function as this when participating in the breakdown and usage of energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
coenzymes
Salmon is a great source of this vitamin.
Vitamin D
Anthocyanins are associated with delaying cognitive decline and preventing neuroinflammation. Anthocyanins are found in F & V of this color.
blue/purple
The number of essential minerals.
15
The first stage of cancer development characterized by a DNA change that enables a cell to become cancerous.
initiation phase
Because water soluble vitamins are stored in very small amounts in the body, these can develop quickly when adequate amounts are not part of the diet regularly.
deficiencies or deficiency diseases
Found in animal products only
Vitamin A (retinol)
Vegetables like broccoli that are sulfur containing and have cross-shaped outer leaves.
Cruciferous vegetables
Condition caused by low iron levels characterized by small, pale red blood cells; fatigue/weakness; hair-loss; decreased immunity
anemia
This is the most essential nutrient for the human body.
water
A deficiency increases the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida in early pregnancy.
Folate
Important for blood clotting. Some is produced by gut bacteria.
Vitamin K
allicin
magnesium
Condition where sodium levels become so low that water floods the cells. Also known as water intoxication or over hydration.
hyponatremia
High doses raise HDL-c levels and lowers LDL-c and triglycerides.
Deficiency leads to pellagra.
Niacin
Antioxidant found in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils that is destroyed when exposed to oxygen and heat.
Vitamin E
One of the two carotenoids associated with preventing age-related macular degeneration.
lutein
zeaxanthin
This compound found in whole grains, dried beans, nuts/seeds can bind with iron, calcium and other minerals and reduce their absorption.
phytates
PKU, hemochromatosis, galactosemia, sitosterolemia are rare diseases known as this.
Inborn errors of metabolism or single-gene defects