Equations
μIn, n=N/L
Equation for a solenoid's B field
The total electric flux through any closed surface is equal to the net charge enclosed by that surface divided by the permittivity of free space
What is Gauss' law of Electricity?
An electromechanical device consisting of a coil of wire that, when energized by an electric current, creates a magnetic field
What is a solenoid
Has weak magnetic dipole moments that align with the field of solenoid to give slightly larger magnetic fields.
Paramagnetic Material
qvXB
Force experienced by a charge in a uniform magnetic field.
The total magnetic flux through any closed surface is always zero
What is Gauss Law of Magnetism
An instrument that measures charge to mass ratio using the principle of force in a uniform magnetic field.
Mass spectrometer
Has zero magnetic dipole moments, but inside solenoid magnetic moments are created opposed to field of solenoid.
Diamagnetic Material
ILxB
Force for a wire of length L carrying current I
The line integral of the magnetic field around a closed loop is directly proportional to the net electric current passing through the surface enclosed by that loop
What is Ampere's Law
This switches the direction of current in a DC electric motor at appropriate places in the rotation cycle
Commutator
To be this material, there must be unpaired outer electrons giving each atom a magnetic dipole moment
Ferromagnetic material
B2/2μ
a changing magnetic field through a coil of wire (or any conductive loop) will induce a voltage (electromotive force or EMF).
What is Faraday's Law?
Contains large solenoids, big enough to create a magnetic field of 3T
MRI Machine
Low remnance ferromagnet used in guitar pickups
Soft ferromagnets