Social Psych
________ is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication.
Persuasion
The ________ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment.
Asch
A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage to an embryo or fetus.
teratogen
________ focus on large muscle groups that control our arms, legs, and larger movements.
gross motor skills
Research indicates that the ________ parenting style is associated with positive psychological outcomes for children, including high self-esteem and social skills.
authoritative
Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.
cognitive dissonance
What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?
Groupthink
Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________.
in-group bias
Developmental psychologists study the ________ that occur throughout life.
physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes
Brittni’s mom leaves the room during the Strange Situation experiment, and Brittni doesn’t show any distress, nor does she care when her mom returns. Brittni is showing ________ attachment.
Avoidant
Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has ________.
reciprocity
David attempts to minimize the costs of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniel’s company, but he tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of the ________ theory.
social exchange
________ topics include emotions, attitudes that things that affect the self, whereas________ topics include prejudice, discrimination, relationships, and group behavior.
Intrapersonal; interpersonal
The ________ is what enables babies to know how to nurse when they are first born.
sucking reflex
Exposure to alcohol when the mother drinks during her pregnancy can produce a very serious condition that includes mental retardation and other developmental problems. What is this condition called?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Believing that women with blonde hair are dumb is an example of ________, while refusing to hire a woman with blonde hair is an example of ________.
a stereotype; discrimination
Nicole wants a cookie. Heather has a cookie. Nicole pushes Heather and takes her cookie. Nicole doesn’t intend to hurt Heather, Nicole just wants the cookie. This is an example of ________.
instrumental aggression
A man in a blue Audi speeds into a parking spot right in front of Lena. She is annoyed and thinks, “What a spoiled jerk that guy is.” Her thinking best demonstrates the
fundamental attribution error.
Alexis, age 4, is shown a matchbox filled with buttons. Alexis’s friend, Kinesha, joins the room, and Alexis smiles because she knows that Kinesha will be surprised to discover the buttons inside the matchbox instead of matches. Alexis’s understanding of Kinesha’s perspective demonstrates
theory of mind.
According to Erikson, which conflict might 14-year old Hannah face in her developmental stage?
identity versus role confusion
Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?
A. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking
B. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette useanti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use
C. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each weeken couraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week
D. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year
D.
Jay heard that Ellen has a great sense of humor. Upon meeting her for the first time, Jay encourages Ellen to share jokes she has heard and to tell him about comedy films she has seen. Although Ellen does not see herself as especially funny, she obliges Jay, and he concludes that what he had heard about Ellen is true. This is a phenomenon of_______.
the self-fulfilling prophecy
When Laila was younger, she used to fight over a toy with her sister but could only recognize her own "need" to have the toy. She couldn't understand that her sister was frustrated because she wanted it too. Laila has moved past thinking based on ________ to thinking based on ________.
egocentrism; theory of mind
Randy will not ride his bike in the street because he is afraid his mother will punish him if he does. According to Kohlberg's theory, Randy is demonstrating the ________ level of moral reasoning.
preconventional
Redonda watches as an experimenter puts two identical balls of clay in front of her. She confirms that they look exactly the same. Then the experimenter squashes one of the balls so it is flat as a pancake. Now it is obvious to Redonda that the squashed clay has more clay in it because it covers so much more of the table. Redonda’s understanding is an example of ________.
lack of conservation