Strings and Characters
This character marks the end of every C string.
null terminator (\0)
This operator returns the address of a variable.
ampersand (&)
In C, you simulate “pass by reference” by passing this instead of the variable itself.
the variable address via pointer
This parameter of main() contains the number of command-line arguments.
argc (argument count)
This function allocates uninitialized memory on the heap.
malloc()
This standard library function returns the number of characters in a string not including the terminator.
strlen()
This operator accesses the value stored at a pointer’s address.
dereference (*)
A function can modify a caller’s variable only if the function receives this.
a pointer to that variable
This main() parameter is an array of strings containing the command-line arguments.
argv (argument vector)
This function allocates memory and initializes it to all zeros.
calloc()
This input function reads a whole line of text, including spaces.
fgets()
When you assign a pointer to another pointer, they both store same...
memory address
This operator is used inside a function to access or change the caller’s original variable through its pointer.
dereference operator (*)
This function is used to open a file and returns a FILE*.
fopen()
This occurs when you lose all pointers to allocated memory without freeing it.
a memory leak
This string-handling problem occurs when you forget to leave space for the null terminator when declaring or copying a string.
buffer overflow
A pointer should never be dereferenced if it is initialized to this.
NULL
You should do this to a pointer parameter before using it to avoid undefined behavior.
ensure it points to a valid memeory address
This mode is used with fopen() to create or overwrite a file.
This function must be called once for every block of memory allocated with malloc or calloc.
free()
This function writes formatted text into a file.
fprintf()
When passing an array to a function using pointers, you are passing this instead of a copy of the array
the address of the array (via pointer)
When passing an array to a function, this is why you do not need the ampersand operator.
the array name acts as a pointer to it's first element
This function closes a previously opened file.
fclose()
Memory allocated with malloc or calloc is stored here
the heap