Acute & Chronic Kidney
This phase of AKI is characterized by urine output of less than 400 mL/day.
What is the Oliguric Phase?
The most common cause of Acute Glomerulonephritis, often occurring 14 days after an infection.
What is Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus (Strep Throat)?
This acronym is used to assess neurovascular status in a fractured limb (Pain, Pulse, Pallor, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Poikilothermia).
What are the 6 Ps?
To prevent hip flexion contractures in an above-the-knee amputation, the patient should lie in this position for 30 mins, 3-4 times a day.
What is Prone?
A life-threatening condition caused by increased pressure within a muscle compartment that compromises circulation.
What is Compartment Syndrome?
In CKD, this electrolyte becomes dangerously elevated, potentially causing fatal dysrhythmias.
hat is Hyperkalemia (High Potassium)?
The hallmark symptom of Nephrotic Syndrome, resulting from massive loss of protein in the urine.
What is Severe Edema (Anasarca)?
This type of traction uses a boot or sling (like Buck’s traction) and is generally used for short-term stabilization.
What is Skin Traction?
This sensation of pain or itching in the missing limb is real and should be treated with medication, not dismissed
What is Phantom Limb Pain?
A complication of long bone fractures where fat globules enter the bloodstream, causing respiratory distress and petechiae.
What is Fat Embolism Syndrome?
A "Prerenal" cause of AKI is typically related to this physiological issue.
What is Hypoperfusion (decreased blood flow/volume to kidneys)?
Unlike Nephrotic syndrome, Glomerulonephritis urine often appears dark and "cola-colored" due to the presence of these.
What are Red Blood Cells (Hematuria)?
When handling a wet plaster cast, use this part of your hand to prevent indentations that could cause pressure ulcers.
What are the Palms of the hands?
This technique involves wrapping the residual limb with an elastic bandage in a figure-eight pattern to reduce edema and shape the limb.
What is Stump Wrapping / Compression Bandaging?
The first and earliest sign of Compartment Syndrome (hint: it is often disproportionate to the injury).
What is Pain (unrelieved by meds)?
Patients with CKD often suffer from anemia because the kidneys fail to produce this hormone.
What is Erythropoietin?
Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome are at high risk for this complication due to the loss of antithrombin III in the urine.
What is a Thromboembolism (Blood Clot)?
This serious infection of the bone requires long-term IV antibiotic therapy and can occur after an open fracture.
What is Osteomyelitis?
Immediate nursing action if a large amount of bright red blood is noted on the surgical dressing of a fresh amputation.
What is Apply a Tourniquet (and notify surgeon immediately)?
If Compartment Syndrome is suspected, the nurse should strictly avoid doing this to the limb (which is usually a standard intervention for edema).
What is Elevate (Elevation above heart level can reduce arterial flow in this specific condition)?
This class of drugs (e.g., Ibuprofen, Naproxen) should be strictly avoided in patients with kidney disease.
What are NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)?
Dietary restriction crucial for a patient with severe edema and hypertension in Glomerulonephritis
What is Sodium (Salt)?
A patient with a femur fracture begins to have confusion, shortness of breath, and a rash on their chest. You suspect this.
What is Fat Embolism Syndrome?
For a below-the-knee amputation, avoid this position while the patient is in a chair to prevent edema and contractures.
What is Dangling the limb (dependent position)?
The definitive medical treatment for Compartment Syndrome to relieve pressure.
What is a Fasciotomy?