In this type of task, people respond with "yes" faster when two words are related than unrelated.
What is a lexical decision task?
100
Opposing the spatial view of imagery, Pylyshyn believed imagery is this.
What is propositional?
100
An example of this is that communities of deaf children who were not taught sign language develop their own language.
What is the universal need to communicate?
100
The Gestalt approach to problem-solving says that you must change how you represent a problem to solve it by doing this.
What is restructuring?
100
This heuristic means that the first person to suggest a salary during salary negotiations has an advantage.
What is the anchoring effect?
200
In these types of knowledge models, which are based on on how information is represented in the brain, concepts are represented by activity that is distributed across a network.
What are parallel distributed processing models?
200
This disorder causes people to only report the right side of an image.
What is unilateral neglect in mental imagery?
200
The shortest segment of speech that if changed changes the meaning of a word.
What are phonemes?
200
This Gestalt psychologist did a famous set of studies with apes, which showed that they used insight to solve problems.
Who is Kohler?
200
This contributes to the representative heuristic and makes people fail to take into account how many more people live in one country than another when judging which country a person is likely to live in.
What is base rate neglect?
300
According the connectionist approach to knowledge, this is the process by which error signals are sent back through a network with info about how connection weights should be adjusted.
What is back propagation?
300
According to Pylyshyn, the feeling we have that we are "seeing" a mental image is this.
What is epiphenomenal?
300
This effect, which allows us to understand speech even if some parts of the word are covered up by other noise, shows that speech perception is affected by top-down processing.
What is the phonemic restoration effect?
300
This approach to problem-solving says that one must go through intermediate steps, achieved through operators, to solve a problem.
What is the information-processing approach?
300
An example of this is a person who thinks children are annoying to only noticing loud, obnoxious children and fail to notice when children are sweet and well-behaved.
What is confirmation bias?
400
This approach to categorization is better for smaller and ad-hoc categories.
What is the Exemplar approach?
400
fMRI evidence based on the fact that neural response to repeated pictures is attenuated supports the theory that this effect occurs because of how we store images in our brains.
What is boundary extension?
400
Someone who could not understand the difference between the sentences "The boy kicked the girl" and "The boy was kicked by the girl" is probably suffering from this.
What is Broca's aphasia?
400
Noticing a relationship between problems, mapping the correspondence between the story and the target, and applying the mapping to generate a solution are the steps needed for this.
What is analogical transfer?
400
This game illustrates how people irrationally base decisions on emotions, such as when people are less likely to accept a deal proposed by a computer than by a human.
What is the Ultimatum Game?
500
"Furniture" and "vehicles" examples of concepts at this level of categorization.
What is the Global or Superordiante level?
500
Results from this task can't be explained with demand characteristics, supporting Kosslyn's view of imagery.
What is the Arrow task?
500
In a conversation, this is used to help with understanding by ensuring that both parties have shared knowledge.
What is the Given-New contract?
500
This famous problem involves moving three discs from a first peg to a third peg.
What is the Tower of Hanoi?
500
An example of this type of syllogism is:
If the sun is out, then I will get sunburned.
The sun is out.
Therefore, I will get sunburned.