Speed
Phase of sprinting where stride length and stride rate increase over the first 15-20 meters
Acceleration
Energy system that provides immediate energy for short, explosive efforts lasting 5-10 seconds
ATP-PC
This rapid eccentric contraction followed by an immediate concentric contraction is the physiological basis of plyometrics.
Stretch-shortening cycle
Unlike simple change-of-direction drills, true agility must include what
a response to a stimulus
Unlike low-speed strength, this parameter measures the ability of muscle tissue to exert high force while contracting at a high speed.
Maximum Muscular Power
During the first first strides of acceleration, the foot should land in this positions relative to the center of gravity.
Behind the center of gravity
Contrary to popular belief, this substance is actually a fuel source that allows for anaerobic glycolysis to continue.
Lactate
To maximize power in plyometrics, an athlete must minimize this specific variable, defined as the time spent in contact with the ground between the eccentric and concentric phases.
Ground Contact Time
This term refers to the ability to maintain maximal velocities or repeatedly achieve maximal accelerations and velocities.
Speed endurance
A test produces consistent results but does not measure what it is intended to assess. Identify the issue
Low validity
During maximum velocity, this phase involves no ground contact and is critical for stride frequency
Flight phase
Why is the aerobic system so important for athletes in team sports, even though most are short in duration?
Supports recover between repeated high-intensity efforts
These specialized sensory organs in the muscle tendon detect changes in tension and help prevent injury during explosive movements.
Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)
During agility training, this joint position at foot contact allows for quicker and more explosive movement off the ground
dorsiflexed
If an athlete performs poorly on a test one day but great the next without any training in between, the test is suffering from this type of variability
intra-subject variability
Compared to novice sprinters, elite sprinters have a decreased ____ and increased ____
ground contact time, force production
This physiological point is reached when the body can no longer buffer lactate efficiently, causing its presence in the blood to spike.
Lactate threshold
To maximize power, this specific phase of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle—representing the transition from eccentric to concentric—must be kept as brief as possible.
Amortization phase
Identify one cognitive component involved in agility performance
Reaction time, perception, anticipation, or decision-making
To maintain high reliability, a coach must minimize this term, which refers to the lack of consistent scores by a given tester
Intra-rater variability
This occurs when the foot lands too far in front of the body and can lead to braking forces
over-striding or heel striking
A coach programs a conditioning program using repeated short sprints with incomplete rest. Which is the primary energy system being training and why?
Glycolysis. Durations is short and incomplete recovery leads to reliance on glycolytic
A long-standing (though debated) safety guideline suggests athletes should be able to back squat this many times their own body weight before starting high-intensity plyometrics.
1.5x
Why is dodging wrenches not ideal to learn how to dodge balls?
Differences in Perceptual–cognitive ability
• Different visual scanning, anticipation, pattern recognition, knowledge of
the situation, decision-making time and accuracy, and reaction
time
• NOT Sport/activity specific
Place in the correct sequence for proper testing
–Local muscular endurance tests
– Agility tests
–Aerobic capacity tests
– Sprint tests
– Nonfatiguing tests
–Maximum power and strength test
– Fatiguing anaerobic capacity tests
Nonfatiguing tests
– Agility tests
–Maximum power and strength tests
– Sprint tests
– Local muscular endurance tests
– Fatiguing anaerobic capacity tests
– Aerobic capacity tests