Hearing Loss 1
What is Deafness?
Total or partial inability to hear.
At what age an inidvidual's hearing screened for the first time?
Newborn (first few days typically)
What are the 2 language development theories?
Nature-inspired (nativist)
Nurture-inspired (empiricist)
What is dysphagia?
A swallowing disorder which can occur at any age and it impacts one's ability to obtain their nutritional and caloric needs.
What is feeding?
Transportation of food from the plate to the mouth.
2
Oral community and Deaf community
What is an auditory brain stem response screener?
A hearing screener which assesses the brain stem response via electrodes on the person's head. Pass=brain shows that he/she heard the sound.
What are 3 causes of voice disorders?
vocal abuse
polyps
contact ulcers
vocal cord thickening
laryngitis
What is a clinical swallow evaluation?
When an SLP utilizes their clinical skills at bedside with the use of solid and liquid consistency trials to see if there are signs or symptoms of dysphagia.
What is swallowing?
transportation of food from the mouth to the stomach.
What is the assessment process for someone who is hard of hearing?
Referral, screen, audiologic evaluation, and assistive technology
What is otoacoustic emissions screener?
Hearing screener which assessed otoascoustic emissions via a probe which measures the sounds that come back = inner hair cells vibration
What is the communication cycle?
sender, formulates, transmits, receiver, receives, comprehends, feedback
What is aspiration? What is penetration? How do they differ?
Penetration the bolus touches the VF but does not surpass the threshold
aspiration the bolus surpasses the VF and enters the trachea
You distinguish the 2 by knowing where the bolus is directed pre,during,and post swallow
What are 2 instrumental/ objective swallowing assessments used to measure one's swallowing function (term and definition)?
Modified Barium Swallow Study: video of one swallowing with the use of barium in the radiation suite. Lateral view
FEES (fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing): small probe through one's nasal cavity which measures swallowing bird's eye view
What are 3 different assistive technology options for someone who is hard of hearing or Deaf?
hearing aids, FM systems, cochlear implants
What is APD?
Auditory Processing Disorder: "when the brain can't hear"
What is aphonia? What is dysphonia? How do they differ?
aphonia: little to no voice
dysphonia: weakened/ altered voice
they differ as aphonia has no verbal output and dysphonia is altered but can be heard.
When would someone benfit from alternative means of nutrition?
What are 3 causes of dysphagia?
premature birth
Parkinsons
Cancer
Tumor
Stroke
Seizure
TBI
anatomical changes
What are the 3 different hearing losses (terms and definition)?
conductive: outer or middle ear difficulty is impacted
sensorineural: inner, cochlear, and/ or auditory nerve is impacted
mixed: sensorineural and conductive properties
What does hearing loss have on an individual?
social-emotional
psychological
physical
What is stuttering? What are 3 core behaviors?
Stuttering is a fluency that interrupts their flow of speech
repetition
prolongation
blocks
What are the 4 phases of swallowing (term and definition)
1. oral preparatory: food within the mouth (mastication, manipulation, salvia into a bolus)
2. oral phase: tongue propels the bolus backward toward the base of tongue and pharynx.
3. pharynegal phase: swallow is initiated, breathing is interrupted, vocal cords seal the airway.
4. esophageal: food is transported from pharynx to the stomach.
What are 3 factors that would impact swallowing?
food consistency, amount of food, taste/smell/temp, body position