Chapter 5
Monomer of DNA and what each one is composed of (specifics)
Nucleotide composed of a deoxyribose sugar (3'), phosphate group (5' end), and a nitrogenous base (inside helix)
Chemical polarity of DNA strands
Anti-parallel
5' --> 3'
3' --> 5'
Cells share all the same ___________ just different kinds and levels of ____________
Genome; gene expression
Three major domains of life
Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
General term for DNA + packaging proteins; term for loosely bound DNA term for tightly bound DNA
Chromatin; Euchromatin; Heterochromatin
Required on growing strand for further synthesis of DNA replication
Free 3' OH group
Ideal conditions for maximum expression of the lac operon
+ Lactose; - Glucose
A mutation in this line of cells will affect an offspring but not the parent
Germ-line cells (gametes)
The three essential DNA regions required for adequate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis
Telomeres, replication origins, and centromeres
Steps of DNA repair
Excision, resynthesis, and ligation
Where regulatory proteins bind on the DNA and the three common motifs
Major groove; Zinc finger, Helix-turn-helix, Leucine zipper
Segments of DNA that code for their own movement throughout the genome
Mobile genetic elements
Protein responsible for locally repositioning DNA about a nucleosome
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes
Reason why DNA polymerase III does not synthesize DNA in the 3' to 5' direction (even though it theoretically can)
Loss of proofreading ability (only has 3' to 5' exonuclease activity)
A differentiated cell that has been dedifferentiated (and can be redifferentiated to a new type of cell)
iPS cell
Common way genes are duplicated
Proteins responsible for interphase chromasome loops; protein responsible for mitotic chromosome loops
Sequence-specific clamp proteins & cohesin; condensin II
Requirements for: initiation for transcription in both; initiation of transcription in prokaryotes; initiation of transcription in eukaryotes
Both: consensus sequence
Prokaryotes: sigma factor
Eukaryotes: general transcription factors
All of the different levels of gene expression
Transcriptional control; RNA processing control; mRNA transport and localization control; mRNA degradation control; Translation control; Protein degradation control; Protein activity control
The part of the genome most likely to be conserved
Important RNA molecules and protein-coding genes (exons)