Cladograms, Taxonomy, and Classification
Which two levels of classification are used to create an organism's scientific name?
Which type of ecological interaction occurs when both organisms benefit from their relationship?
mutualism
What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
breaking down dead organisms and wastes and recycling nutrients
Are viruses considered cellular or acellular/non-cellular?
acellular/non-cellular
Which gas is released as a product of photosynthesis?
oxygen
Which organic macromolecule includes fats, oils, and waxes?
lipids
A cladogram shows that birds and crocodiles share a more recent common ancestor than birds and lizards. Which two organisms are most closely related?
birds and crocodiles
Which type of interaction occurs when one organism hunts and consumes another?
predation
In the food chain algae -> zooplankton -> small fish -> large fish, which organism is the tertiary consumer?
large fish
What is the structure that surrounds and protects the genetic material of a virus?
protein coat/capsid
Which cellular organelle is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?
chloroplast
What are the monomers, a.k.a. subunits or building blocks, that make up proteins?
amino acids
What is the broadest level of biological classification?
domain
A flea feeds on the blood of a greyhound. Identify the ecological relationship.
parasitism
In the food chain grass -> grasshopper -> frog -> snake, which trophic level does the frog occupy?
secondary consumer
Why are viruses unable to reproduce independently?
They lack the cellular machinery needed to replicate/reproduce and must use a host cell.
Which molecule is produced during cellular respiration and provides usable energy for cellular processes?
ATP
Which organic macromolecule is primarily used by cells for quick energy?
carbohydrates
Which level of classification is more specific: order or family?
family
Two different species of birds feed on the same species of insect. Which ecological interaction is occurring?
competition
A primary consumer obtains 800 kilocalories of energy. How much energy would be available to a tertiary consumer belonging to the same food web? (Less energy, or more energy?)
less energy
A scientist develops a substance that prevents viruses from attaching to host cells. Explain how this could reduce viral infections.
Viruses would be unable to enter susceptible host cells and establish infections, preventing or reducing viral replication.
How are the products of photosynthesis related to the reactants of cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used as reactants in cellular respiration.
A cell needs to store genetic instructions for producing proteins. Which macromolecule is responsible for storing this information?
nucleic acids (DNA)
A cladogram shows that species A and B share a common ancestor at the most recent node, while species C branches off earlier. Which two species are most closely related? (Please draw it.)
species A and B
A population of wolves is reintroduced into an ecosystem, causing deer populations to decrease and vegetation to increase. Explain why the amount of vegetation increased.
Fewer deer consumed the vegetation, allowing plant populations to recover.
An omnivorous bird eats both seeds and insects. The insects feed exclusively on plants. Explain why this bird can occupy two different trophic levels.
When eating seeds, the bird is a primary consumer. When eating herbivorous insects, it is a secondary consumer.
DAILY DOUBLE: Explain why scientists debate whether viruses should be classified as living or non-living.
Viruses seemingly exhibit some of the characteristics of living organisms, including genetic material, the ability to replicate, and the ability to evolve over time, but they lack independent metabolism, cellular structure, and the ability the reproduce independently.
DAILY DOUBLE: A plant is placed in complete darkness for 48 hours, but remains alive. Explain how its cells are able to continue producing ATP.
The plant continues cellular respiration using previously stored glucose, even though photosynthesis cannot occur without the presence of light.
A scientist discovers a biological molecule composed of repeating monosaccharide units. To which macromolecule category does it belong?
carbohydrate