Memory
Inability to form new memories.
Anterograde amnesia
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
Algorithm
According to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
general (g) intelligence
In Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view.
egocentrism
In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.
Phoneme
Inability to retrieve information from one's past.
Retrograde amnesia
Heuristics
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.
Emotional intelligence
The “we” aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to “Who am I?” that comes from our group memberships.
social identity
In language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix).
Morpheme
That eerie sense that “I’ve experienced this before.” Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.
deja vu
The way an issue is posed; how an issue is worded can significantly affect decisions and judgments.
Framing
Our abilities are best classified into eight or nine independent intelligences, which include a broad range of skills beyond traditional school smarts.
Gardner's multiple inteligences
The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.
menopause
The early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—“go car”—using mostly nouns and verbs.
Telegraphic speech
Ebbinghaus states that the course of forgetting is initially rapid, then increases slightly OR decreases slightly OR levels off with time.
levels off with time.
Tendency to search for support for our own views and ignore contradictory evidence.
Confirmation bias
Our intelligence is best classified into three areas that predict real-world success: analytical, creative, and practical.
Sternberg's triarchic theory
Research that follows and retests the same people over time.
Longitudinal study
(area of brain) helps control language expression—an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
Broca's area
The forward-acting disruptive effect of older learning on the recall of new information.
Retroactive interference.
Ability to innovate valuable ideas.
Creativity
Defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca × 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
Research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time.
Cross-sectional study
(area of brain) involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe.
Wernicke's area