Between-subjects Experiments
Each participant is run through every condition of the study
What is a within-subjects design?
Research design in which gender differences in reading scores are examined
What is differential research?
Factorial description of a study in which IV1 has 2 levels and IV2 has 3 levels
What is a 2 X 2 factorial?
Every person in a population has an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in a sample, and a random method is used to select
What is simple random sampling
A group that does not receive treatment but provides a baseline against which others are compared
What is a control group?
What is an advantage of a within-subjects experiment?
What is developmental longitudinal research?
What is a main effect?
Research design that allows for causal claims to be made
What is an experiment?
A researcher makes sure equal numbers of tall and short people are randomly assigned to 2 conditions of a basketball training experiment
What is matching?
The biggest threat to internal validity in within-subjects experiments
Design in which bullying rates are measured in two schools, then one school begins an anti-bullying program and another doesn't, then bullying rates are measured again
What is a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design?
The effect of one factor on the DV depends on the other factor
What is an interaction effect?
Specifying precisely how a variable will be measured
What is operationalization?
In a study on heat and aggression, the hot condition is run in a small room, and the cool condition is run in a large room
What is an Environmental threat to internal validity (room size is confounded with temperature)
What is counterbalancing order of conditions?
A control group to which participants have NOT been randomly assigned, but receives no treatment
What is a nonequivalent control group?
In a line graph depicting results of a factorial experiment, the lines are perfectly parallel
What is evidence of NO interaction effect?
As # of friends increases, happiness increases
What is an example of a positive correlation?
What is "high variability" or "noise"?
P threat to internal validity
What threat to internal validity is impossible in a within-subjects experiment?
Advantage of a time-series design over a one group pretest-posttest design
What is the use of multiple measures of the DV pre- and post-event, which allows trends to be detected?
A gender difference in math performance is observed only when participants are reminded of math-related gender stereotypes, but not when there are no reminders
What is an interaction between gender and stereotype reminder?
What is internal validity?