Column 1
basic political freedoms that protect citizens from governmental abuses of power
What are civil liberties?
Where in the constitution are civil liberties primarily outlined?
The Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments to the Constitution
Things the government must do to ensure that citizens are protected from discrimination and citizens experience equality
What are civil rights?
This amendment provides a right to an attorney, right to a speedy trial and right to a trial by jury.
What is the 6th amendment?
Written false statements that damage a person's reputation.
Libel
Forms of expression that "by their very utterance" can incite violence. Could be considered verbal assault in some states.
What are fighting words?
What is an expression that is offensive or abusive, particularly in terms of race, gender, or sexual orientation known as?
hate speech
Public expression with the aim of making a profit. It has received greater protection under the First Amendment in recent years but remains less protected than political speech.
What is commercial speech?
Nonverbal expression, such as the use of signs or symbols.
What is symbolic speech?
Spoken false statements that damage a person's reputation.
What is slander?
Which amendment to the Constitution allows the Supreme Court to selectively incorporate the other amendments so that they also apply to state governments?
Fourteenth Amendment
What is the 13th Amendment?
The middle level of scrutiny the courts can use when determining whether a law is constitutional. To meet this standard, the law or policy must be "content neutral".
Time, place, and manner regulation is allowed.
What is intermediate scrutiny?
Which amendment gave due process and equal protection rights to citizens?
Fourteenth Amendment
The Supreme Court case extended the right of privacy to a woman's decision to have an abortion.
What is Roe v. Wade (1973)?
This court case established the established the “Direct Incitement” test. It involved a KKK leader.
What is Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969)?
The amendment that provided voting rights to African American men.
What is the Fifteenth Amendment?
The court case allowed the freedom of the press to apply to state governments. This is the first instance of selective incorporation
What is Gitlow v. New York (1925)?
An informal civilian army. It consists of all able-bodied
males 17-45 years of age
What is a militia?
A limit on freedom of the press that allows the government to prohibit the media from publishing certain materials.
What is prior restraint?
A Supreme Court case that forced Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade. It is a necessary violation of the free exercise clause. The ruling opened the door to homeschooling, which is a common practice today.
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)?
Congress cannot prohibit or interfere with the practice of religion unless there are important secular reasons for doing so.
What is the free exercise clause?
The three-part test used by the Supreme Court to determine whether speech meets the criteria for obscenity.
What is the Miller test? Established in Miller v. California
Congress cannot sponsor or favor any religion. "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion,"
What is the establishment clause ?
The process through which most of the civil liberties granted in the Bill of Rights were applied to the states on a case-by-case basis through the Fourteenth Amendment
What is Selective incorporation?