Learning
This is also known as respondent conditioning, Pavlovian conditioning, and associative learning.
Classical conditioning
An automatic behavioral response to a stimulus; consists of both the Unconditioned Stimulus and the Unconditioned Response
Reflex
This is a Latin term roughly translated as "black slate" which is a metaphor for the mind of a newborn baby
Tabula Rasa
The daily cycle of waking and sleeping, body temperature, and hormones that is generated by an inernal biological clock synchronized to light and dark patterns due to the Earth's rotation
Circadian Rhythm
This is the loss of memory, typically due to brain damage
Amnesia
When the neutral stimulus is presented and removed before the unconditioned stimulus is presented so that there is no overlap between the stimuli of the two, what is happening?
Trace conditioning
These are scientists who approach behavior from the perspective of behavior analysis
Behavior analysts
When something such as the mind is the product of the organization of smaller pieces (like neurons) but is not apparent within the individual pieces. This is called what?
Emergent property
Each cycle from light sleep to deep sleep and back again takes about this amount of time.
90 minutes
This is a way of increasing memory capacity by grouping items together instead of remembering each item individually.
Chunking
Jane has been teaching her dog to salivate in response to ringing a bell by following it with a treat. Jane has decided to stop giving her dog treats after she rings the bell. What schedule of reinforcement most closely matches what the dog is now on?
Extinction
A behaviorist would most likely use this method to gather information about behavior.
Hint: Consider what counts and doesn't count as behavior to a behaviorist
Observation
"I think, therefore I am"
This is a REM sleep disorder that occurs at the end of REM when part of the brain wakes up but other parts of the brain remain briefly stuck in REM
Sleep Paralysis
Kumar has always been good with his hands. He learns new skills at an impressive pace, but he has difficulty remembering events and people's names. Kumar has great ______ memory, but poor ______ memory.
Answer format: "What are ___ and ___?"
Procedural; Declarative
In humans, the use of punishment as a disciplinary strategy is associated with more aggression in future peer to peer interactions. What is this effect of punishment called?
Modeling
When two people are committing a sequence of behaviors maintained by both positive and negative reinforcement they stuck in a ____.
Behavior Trap
Most depressants enhance the effectiveness of this neurotransmitter.
Hint: Depressants slow you down; this is neurotransmitter that makes this happen.
GABA
These kinds of theories argue that our bodies and brains accumlate wear and tear while active and awake, so we need sleep to repair the damage
Restorative Theories
Sydney is studying for a test. He is having a hard time with a list that he's almost certain will be on it, so he's repeating the list over and over in his mind while he waits for the teacher to hand out the exam. Sydney is practicing what?
Rehearsal
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) are known for performing random safety checks in factories and warehouses. These inspections might be years or weeks apart so businesses need to maintain safety standards at all times. This is an example of what kind of reinforcement schedule?
Hint: Fixed/Variable + Interval/Ratio
Variable Interval
Imagine you were participating in a psychology study and the researcher provides you with a stimulus. The researcher then asks you to provide explanations of your internal reactions to this stimulus in detail. What is the term associated with this activity?
Hint: a behaviorist would not like this experiment.
Introspection
Although this philosophy is intuitively appealing to most people, unfortunately it leads to the mind-body problem.
Dualism
This is the bundle of cells in the hypothalamus embodying the internal clock, which drives the circadian rhythm.
You can give the abbreviation if you know it.
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus(SCN)
In the computer metaphor for human memory, long-Term Memory is analogous to the ____.
Disk Drive