Emotion & Motivation
______ motivation refers to the motivation to experience positive outcomes, and ______ motivation refers to the motivation to not experience negative outcomes.
Approach; Avoidance
Who created the first intelligence tests?
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon.
What is personality?
A person's characteristic style of behaving, thinking, and feeling
What projective personality test involves showing test takers a card and asking “What might this be?”
Rorschach Inkblot Test
People who were asked to hold a pen with their teeth found cartoons funnier than did people asked to hold the pen with their lips. What concept is illustrated by this finding?
the facial feedback hypothesis
What do intelligence tests measure?
the ability to answer questions and perform tasks that are highly correlated with the consequences of intelligence.
Abby is a psychologist who studies personality. Which type of instrument would she most likely use in asking people about how they act or think in particular situations?
self-report inventory
Rhonda works out daily because it makes her feel good. Her friend Denise works out daily so that men will find her attractive. Rhonda is showing _____, while Denise is showing _____.
intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation
People with Capgras syndrome, often believe...
that one or more family members are imposters.
______ refers to the ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical inferences and _______ refers to the ability to retain and use knowledge that was acquired through experience.
Fluid Intelligence; Crystalized Intelligence
List the traits of the five factor model.
Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
When people take credit for their successes but downplay responsibility for their failures, they are exhibiting _____.
the self-serving bias
Why is it that you can be afraid of something without knowing exactly what it is? (Hint: biological explanation)
Because the amygdala receives information from the thalamus before it receives information from the cortex.
Choosing to see a glass as half full rather than half empty is illustrative of the idea of:
reappraisal
Anthony generally believes his successes or failures result from external factors outside of his control such as fate, luck, or injustice. Anthony has what?
External locus of control
What theory argues that we make category judgments by comparing a new instance with stored memories for other instances of the category.
Exemplar theory
Charles Darwin suggested that emotional expression has evolutionary significance. The fact that emotions seemed to have similar meanings for everyone led him to propose the:
universality hypothesis
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, people are unable to meet higher needs until the needs below them have been met. Considering this, if someone is unable to experience belongingness and love needs, what needs have not been met?
safety and security needs
Name the defense mechanisms and give examples for 3 of them.
rationalization, reaction formation, projection, regression, displacement, identification and sublimation
What is stereotype threat and how does it affect performance on tests (such as math and IQ)? Explain research findings.
Stereotype threat is the fear of confirming the negative beliefs that others may hold and it can influence test performance. Two studies investigating this were discussed in class.