Anatomical References
What do anterior and rostral mean?
Toward the front.
What produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Choroid plexus.
What is neurulation?
Formation of the neural tube.
The forebrain is also called the…?
Prosencephalon.
What do we call clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS?
Nuclei.
What do posterior and caudal mean?
Toward the back.
A blockage of CSF flow causes what condition?
Hydrocephalus.
What reduces neural tube defect risk by almost 90%?
Folic acid.
What brain structure was removed from patient H.M.'s brain, resulting in anterograde amnesia?
The hippocampus.
What do we call clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS?
Ganglia.
What plane divides the brain into left and right halves?
Sagittal.
Which ventricle sits between the pons/medulla and the cerebellum?
The 4th ventricle.
When does neurulation typically occur in the developing embryo?
17 days post conception
hich basal ganglia structure is affected in Parkinson’s disease?
Substantia nigra.
What do we call white matter tracts that cross the midline?
Commissures.
What plane divides the brain into front and back sections?
Coronal.
When treating Hydrocephalus, where does a shunt typically redirect CSF so it can be absorbed?
In the peritoneal cavity (abdomen)
Failure of the anterior neural pore to close leads to what disorder?
Anencephaly.
What white matter structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus callosum.
What subdivision of the autonomic system supports rest-and-digest functions?
Parasympathetic.
What protects the brain and spinal cord and has three layers?
The meninges.
What connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle?
Cerebral aqueduct.
Failure of the posterior neural pore to close leads to what?
Spina bifida.
What hindbrain structure does NOT exhibit contralateral control?
Cerebellum.
Which division of the nervous system sends motor commands from the CNS to skeletal muscle, voluntarily?
Somatic.