Ch 7: Thinking & Intelligence
During a class discussion, someone asks, "What comes to mind when you think of a superhero?" Almost everyone shouts "Superman" or "Spiderman."
What does the idea of Superman or Spiderman represent in this case?
[Word Bank: Artificial Concepts, Prototypes, Natural Concepts]
Prototype
Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development? [Word bank: Embryo, Fetus, Zygote]
Zygote Embryo, Fetus (Zombie Eats Food when pregnant)
From the bustling cafeteria to the quiet library corners, Mike the Tiger was always fascinated by how people interacted. He would spend hours people-watching and intrigued by the subtle shifts in body language and conversation. (Intrapersonal or interpersonal)
Interpersonal (“INTER”personal → INTER themselves in other people’s business)
Ever since she was a child, Emily had a habit of retreating into her thoughts, finding solace in introspection. Whether it was sitting by the window, lost in her musings, or journaling her deepest thoughts late at night, she was always drawn to exploring her inner world
(Intrapersonal or interpersonal)?
Intrapersonal. (in“TRAP”ersonal → trapped in my feelings)
A(n) ________ is a set of group expectations for appropriate thoughts and behaviors of its members.
Social Norms
Who proposed that everyone is born with a biological predisposition to acquire language? Additionally, explain the concept of “critical period.”
* Noam Chomsky
* Critical Period: Proficiency at acquiring language is maximal early in life
What is the strange situation and who was the psychologist who examined the experiment? What did they identify?
Mary Ainsworth.
Identified styles of attachment: Secure, Avoidant, Resistant/Ambivalent, Disorganized
What are the 3 components of Attitude?
#1: An affective component (feelings)
#2: A behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior)
#3: Cognitive component (belief and knowledge)
During daycare drop-off, Mia doesn’t seem bothered when her mom leaves and barely looks up to say goodbye. Throughout the day, Mia treats her mom and the daycare staff the same, showing little preference or need for comfort from her mom. This behavior is commonly seen in children with caregivers who are often inattentive or unresponsive to their needs.
What type of attachment style is Mia displaying?
Avoidant attachment
The idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists is called ________.
Object Permanence
During a language development workshop, the instructor emphasizes the importance of proper sentence formation. She explains that there are specific rules governing how words should be arranged to convey clear meaning.
What linguistic concept refers to the rules that govern the arrangement of words to form grammatically correct sentences?
Syntax
Johnny is having a blast pushing his baby sister to the ground and laughing, but he’s a little confused when she doesn’t find it funny. He’s convinced that everyone sees the world just like he does.
What stage of development is Johnny stuck in, and what’s the term for his little “I’m the center of the universe” moment?
Egocentrism
Jamie arrived late to a crucial team meeting at work. When asked why they were late, Jamie explained that they had been stuck in unexpected traffic due to an accident on the highway. However, some coworkers speculated that Jamie was late because they often mismanaged their time and did not leave early enough to account for potential delays.
What type of attribution are the coworkers making about Jamie's lateness: dispositional or situational?
Coworker → Dispositional
Jamie → Situational
As Christmas approaches, the Grinch feels grumpier by the day. He struggles to make friends in Whoville and worries he’ll never find a “ride or die” partner. To cope with the loneliness, he adopts a dog for companionship.
According to the psychosocial theory, what stage is the Grinch experiencing, and who proposed this theory?
Erik Erikson
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Define and give an example of Anchoring Bias.
Hyperfocus on one piece of information and ignore the rest
Example: A girl is excited when a boy calls her “pretty,” but he actually said “pretty annoying.”
Alex is taking a statistics exam where he needs to create a simple linear regression from a set of data points and recall mathematical formulas.
Is Alex using primarily crystallized intelligence or fluid intelligence, and why?
Crystallized intelligence
A child learns that a zebra is a type of horse, but after seeing one in person, they realize it's quite different. They then adjust their understanding of animals and create a new category for zebras.
What process is the child using when they change their existing schema to fit this new information?
Accommodation
Hannah is thrilled to be an LSU student and proudly sports all the merch. When she hears that a hurricane flooded the University of Alabama, she scoffs, saying, “Of course that would happen to Alabama students—bad karma follows them!”
What type of attribution bias is Hannah demonstrating?
Just-World Hypothesis
Jamie is leading a team project and notices that one team member seems frustrated and withdrawn. Jamie takes time to listen to their concerns, offers encouragement, and helps them feel more comfortable contributing. Throughout the project, Jamie remains calm and adapts their communication style to fit the needs of each team member.
What type of intelligence is Jamie demonstrating according to Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory?
Emotional Intelligence
Which type of bias involves relying on a false stereotype to make a decision?
Representative Bias
Describe the IQ Bell curve. What is the average score, gifted score, intellectual disability score, and standard deviation amount?
A normal distribution to statistically analyze intelligence scores. Average = 100,
Gifted (130; +2 STD),
Intellectual disability (70; -2STD),
STD = 15.
Becky is having a rough time fitting in at school. She skips class, argues with her teacher, and even steals cigarettes from her mom to smoke with her friends. When asked why, Becky says it’s all to gain approval and be part of the group.
What level and stage of moral development is Becky in?
Level 2: Conventional Morality,
Stage 3: Interpersonal (behavior driven by social approval)
To convince his friend to help him move, Jake first asks if they could repaint his entire house together over the weekend. After his friend says no, Jake then asks if they could just help him move a few boxes instead.
What persuasion technique is Jake using?
Door-in-the-face technique
During a group project, Maria notices that one of her teammates, Jake, doesn’t contribute much. She thinks to herself, “Jake is so lazy and doesn’t care about the project.” However, she doesn’t know that Jake has been dealing with personal issues at home that are affecting his participation.
What concept is Maria demonstrating by attributing Jake's lack of contribution to his character rather than considering external factors? (Attribution Bias)
Fundamental Attribution Error
What is Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment and what did the experiment show?
College students were assigned to be either guards or prisoners in a simulated prison environment. It showed that the guards quickly became abusive and controlling, while the prisoners became passive and distressed. The study highlighted how powerful social roles and situations can influence people's actions, even leading them to behave in ways that are cruel or uncharacteristic.