Chapter 10pt.1
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
What is Motivation?
- Arousal comes before emotion
- Arises from awareness of specific bodily responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
What is the James-Lange theory?
- Catastrophes
- Significant life changes
- Daily hassles
What is the three categories of stressors?
- Cancer
- Heart disease
- Inflammation
What are illnesses that can increase with stress?
T/F: Some emotional responses involve no thinking
What is True?
- Genetically predisposed behaviors
- Complex behavior throughout species
- Unlearned fixed patterns
- Cannot explain most human motives
What is Instinct Theory (Evolutionary theory)
- General arousal + conscious cognitive label = emotion and context
- Arousal skillover effect
What is the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory?
- Short-lived or perceived as challenge
- Immune system mobilization; motivation; resilience
What is positive effects of stress?
- Competitive, Time urgent, Hostile and aggressive
- Relaxed, Patient, Easy going
What is Type A personality?
What is Type B personality?
What is coping?
Finding the right stimulation level
What is Arousal theory?
- Arousal and emotion occur simultaneously
- Emotion-arousing stimuli trigger bodily responses and simultaneous subjective experience
What is the Cannon-Bard theory?
- Phase 1: Alarm reaction
- Phase 2: Resistance
- Phase 3: Exhaustion
What is the General adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
- Recording, amplifying, and feeding back information about subtle physiological responses (many of which are controlled by the ANS)
- Works best on tension headaches
What is Biofeedback?
- Fails to cleanse rage
- Can magnify anger (behavior feedback research)
- Backfire potential
What is Catharsis (emotional release)
- Physiological needs create an aroused, motivated state (ex. water, food) incentive
- When physiological needs increase, so does the psychological drive (thirst, hunger) to reduce those needs (homeostasis)
- Pushed by need to reduce drives; pulled by incentives (environmental stimuli)
What is Drive-reduction theory?
- The brain detects subtle expressions in reading nonverbal cues (Ex. hints of a smile) and nonverbal threats (Ex. Subliminally) presented words
- Facial muscles can reveal emotional signs
- But deceit is too difficult to discern
- Experience can sensitize us tot particular emotions
What is Detecting emotions in others?
- Wait (1,2,3...)
- Find healthy distraction or support
- Distance yourself
What is Anger management strategies?
- Religiously active people tend to live longer than inactive people
- Women are more religiously active than men and outlive them
What is Faith and how it relates to happiness?
- Subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine
What is Health psychology?
- Beings at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied
- Before people can fulfill their higher-level safety needs
- Then their psychological needs
- Some needs take priority over others; hierarchy is not universally fixed.
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of human needs?
- Cognitive appraisal defines emotion, sometimes without awareness
What is Lazarus theory?
- Chance or outside forces control fate, Posttraumatic stress symptoms
- People control their own fate, free will, willpower, and self-control
What is External locus of control?
What is Internal locus of control?
- Scientific study of human flourishing
- Focus on subjective well-being
What is positive psychology?
- Study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
What is Psychoneuroimmunology?