Translation and Gene Expression
Bacteria pt 1
Bacteria pt 2
Plants
misc.
100
Which hemoglobin has the highest affinity for oxygen
embryonic
100
True or False
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes can do cellular respiration
True
100
Which type of autoinducer is used for intraspecies communication?
autoinducer 1
100
What is the outermost plant tissue layer, and what is its function?
Dermal tissue -protection
100
What is the most diverse plant group?
Angiosperms
200
When tryptophan is present, what is bound to the trp operon
the repressor is bound to the operator for the operon
200
What condition does nitrogen fixation occur in?
anaerobic conditions
200
What are endospores?
Dormant bacteria structure that is resistant to UV radiation, extreme cold/heat, and other harsh conditions
200
What is the function of stomata, and what allows them to open?
Gas exchange, they open when the guard cells are turgid
200
What type of mutation results in a premature stop codon?
nonsense
300
What are the three sites in rRNA, and what happened in each during translation
A site = attachment
P site = polypeptide elongation
E site = exit site
300
Describe a gram-positive and a gram-negative bacteria structure
Gram-positive: purple stain, thick peptidoglycan layer, and one membrane
Gram-negative: pink stain, think peptidoglycan layer, two membranes
300
How would you classify a bacteria species that prefers an oxygenic environment but can live in an anaerobic environment?
Facultative Anaerobe
300
List and describe the three types of plant transport routes
Apoplastic - only cell wall
Symplastic - only cytoplasm (through plasmodesmata)
Transmembrane - through cell wall and cytoplasm
300
List the names of the lateral meristems in plants. What tissue type does each produce?
Vascular cambium - vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
Cork cambium - dermal tissue
400
what kind of operon is the lac operon? Draw it!
the lac operon is an inducible operon
400
What are the two types of toxins? Which do botulism and tetanus belong to?
Endotoxins and Exotoxins
both tetanus and botulism are exotoxins
400
What are the four steps of pathogen invasion? Which steps can the process stop before?
Adhesion
Invasion
Colonization/growth
Damage/disease
**Can stop before invasion or before damage/disease
400
Which cell types make up the xylem? Is this living or dead tissue at maturity?
Tracheids and vessel elements. They are dead at maturity
400
What is the difference between mitosis in plant and animal cells?
Cytokinesis
- Plant cells - cell plate
- Animal cells - cleavage furrow
500
List all the modifications of eukaryotic gene regulation when producing a mRNA strand
Poly A tail, 5' Guanine cap, and splicing out of introns
500
What are the bacterial growth phases? What happens/ what is made in each?
Lag = cells adjusting to the environment
Log = exponential growth of population
Stationary = population stable, Biofilms, Virulence Factors, and Autoinducers are produced
Death = death of population (toxins build up)
500
How do Vibrio fischeri (bioluminescent bacteria) glow? What process is involved?
Use quorum sensing - density-dependent production of proteins during stationary phase. These bacteria glow in concentrated numbers - quorum must be reached for gene expression to increase
500
What are the three types of ground tissue, and which type is the strongest?
Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
Sclerenchyma is the strongest because it has lignin
500
Draw the steps of mitosis
