Thinking, Language, Intelligence
Psychological Disorders
Talk Therapies
Behavior Therapies
Biomedical Therapies And Psychotherapy in Perspective
100
Explain the difference between a Heuristic and an Algorithm.
Heuristics are cognitive strategies (rule of thumb), often a short cut in problem solving. Algorithms use deliberate, step-by-step processes that, if followed correctly, will always solve the problem.
100
What are the four D's of psychological disorders?
Deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger
100
What is the difference between psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapies?
Psychoanalytic therapy focuses on unconscious thoughts and conflicts, while psychodynamic focuses on conscious processes and current problems.
100
True or false: Behavior therapy aims to figure out the underlying causes of problem behavior instead of focuses on the behavior itself.
FALSE! Behavior therapy uses principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behaviors, but does not focus on finding root causes.
100
What is the study of the effect of drugs on behavior and mental processes?
Psychopharmacology
200
Name three of the five potential barriers to problem sovling.
Mental sets, functional fixedness, confirmation bias, availability heuristic, representativeness heuristic
200
True or false: The DSM and ICP can classify, diagnose, and treat psychological disorders.
FALSE! These tools merely identify and describe the symptoms of psychological disorders.
200
Who is the famous psychologist that stressed client-centered therapy, and what therapeutic approach does this fall under?
Carl Rogers, Humanistic therapy
200
Explain the process of systematic desensitization.
Check Figure 15.7 on pg 485 for a detailed infographic!
200
True or false: ECT is used to treat even mild forms of depression.
FALSE. ECT is only used in clients who do not respond well to other treatments such as psychotherapy or drugs.
300
Explain the difference between language and communication.
Communication is used by human and non-human animals. Language is unique to humans.
300
True or false: there is only ever one possible cause for a psychological disorder.
False! Many disorders have many possible causes: genetic factors, psychological factors, environmental influences, etc.
300
True or false: Humanistic therapy emphasizes maximizing a client's inherent capacity for self actualization by providing a non-judgmental, accepting atomosphere.
TRUE!
300
What type of therapy pairs an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus with a maladaptive behavior in order to elicit a negative reaction to the target stimulus?
Aversion therapy (see figure 15.9 on page 486)
300
Is it common for therapists to borrow from more than one therapeutic approach?
Yes, that is the eclectic approach to therapy.
400
Name this phenomena: Awareness of a negative stereotype that affects oneself and may lead to impairment in performance.
Stereotype threat
400
Define and describe the symptoms of either: OCD Depression Bipolar Disorder GAD
Definitions found in Chapter 14
400
The therapy that treats problem behaviors and mental processes by focusing on maladaptive thoughts and beliefs is...
Cognitive therapy
400
Explain one way in which operant conditioning can be used to either increase adaptive behaviors or decrease maladaptive behaviors.
See page 486 for examples of shaping and/or token economy
400
Does gender have an effect on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders?
Yes. Women are generally diagnosed and treated more than men for many reasons.
500
Define Intelligence. Does intelligence change over time?
The global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, profit from experience, and deal effectively with the environment. Fluid intelligence is the ability to think speedily and abstractly, this usually decreases over time. Crystallized intelligence is the knowledge and the skills gained through education and experience - this usually increases over time.
500
Explain either the Biopsychosocial Model or the Diathesis Stress Model
B.P.S. looks at biological (genetic or chemical) factors, psychological factors (cognition, coping strategies, etc.), and sociocultural (environment, relationships) to explain psychological disorders. The Diathesis Stress Model looks at genetic predispositions and environmental triggers.
500
What is CBT?
Cognitive behavioral therapy combines cognitive therapy (changing faulty thinking) with behavior therapy (changing maladaptive behaviors)
500
What is one criticism of behavioral therapy?
Generalizability (consistent reinforcement does not always exist in the real world) or Ethics (some argue it is unethical to control another person's behavior)
500
Name and describe some of the common therapy formats.
Group therapy, marital/family therapies, telehealth/electronic therapy (pages 495-496)
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