which direction does DNA polymerase assemble new strands of DNA?
What is 5' to 3'
100
what carries the protein-assembly instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
What is mRNA
100
In order, what are the stages of the cell cycle?
G1, S, G2, M
100
what is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?
What is 3:1
100
what is the term used to describe the process of DNA replication?
What is semiconservative
200
what is the function of helicase?
What is unwind DNA strands prior to replication
200
How does transcription start?
transcription factors bind to promoter region of DNA, RNA polymerase binds, links together RNA nucleotides
200
In order, what are the stages of Mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
200
What is the phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross:?
What is 9:3:3:1
200
What happens to an mRNA molecule before it leaves the nucleus?
poly-A tail, 5' cap, introns cut out
300
bacteriophages are viruses that infect what?
What is bacteria
300
Define codon
3-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that translates into specific amino acids
300
When does crossing over occur?
during prophase I of meiosis I
300
If long hair (L) is dominant to short hair (l), what percentage of offspring produced by a cross of Ll x ll will be homozygous dominant?
0
300
Why do chromosomes become visible during prophase of mitosis?
because they condense into short stalky structures
400
what is the complementary strand of DNA that would form from this DNA template strand:
5' AAGGTTCC 3'
5' GGAACCTT 3'
400
Does eukaryotic DNA have proteins?
YES!
400
what would happen if meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organisms?
chromosome number would double in each generation
400
If long hair (L) is dominant to short hair (l), what percentage of offspring produced from a cross of Ll x ll will be homozygous recessive?
50%
400
what mechanisms are used to introduce genetic variability into the gametes of sexually reproducing organisms?
What is crossing over, random assortment, random fertilization
500
how does our (human) DNA differ from dog DNA?
sequence of nucleotides
500
which type of mutation is generally more damaging:
substitution or addition/deletion
What is addition/deletion=frameshift!
500
when do homologous chromosomes pair up?
What is Prophase I of meiosis I
500
Red-green colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait, which means a recessive allele located on the X chromosome. If a colorblind female and a normal male have children, what is the probability that the male children will be colorblind?