Language
Problem Solving
Judgment and Decision Making
Reasoning
Intelligence
100
The smallest unit of meaning
What is a morpheme?
100
These are used to transform the initial state into goal state
What are operators?
100
This theory is based on the assumption that people behave rationally and act in ways to maximize the chances of achieving our goals
What is utility theory?
100
This is another word for deductive reasoning and this is another word for inductive reasoning.
What is deterministic and probabilistic?
100
This scientist coined the term mental age.
Who is Binet?
200
Language has these 3 properties
What is arbitrary symbolic, generative, structured at multiple levels?
200
The candle problem and the two-rope problem are examples of this, and Luchin's water jar problem is an example of this.
What is functional fixedness and mental set?
200
The birth order example from lecture can be explained by this heuristic
What is representativeness?
200
Name 2 types of deductive reasoning problems
What are syllogisms (conditional and categorical) and geometry proofs?
200
Name 2 types of intelligence tests
What are Stanford-Binet, Wechsler’s intelligence tests, Raven’s Matrices, Tests of specific abilities: Paper folding, mental rotation, hidden figures?
300
Studies of color naming were used to test the idea that ________ determines ______, otherwise known as the ______ hypothesis, which supports the strong interpretation of linguistic relativity/determinism.
What is language, thoughts and behavior, Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
300
Name 4 differences between experts and novices. Also name an instance where experts may be at a disadvantage compared to novices.
Experts tend to have rich, organized schemas, spend more time on representation of problem, use less means-end analysis, and move forward, not backward. Also, the chess study showed rich, organized schemas may hinder memory for random chess configurations.
300
Bayes’ theorem consists of these 3 parts
What is the probability of: 1) current evidence if hypothesis is true [p(E/H)], 2) current evidence if hypothesis is false [p(E/not H)] 3) hypothesis independent of current evidence [base rate or p(H)]
300
To correctly solve the Wason Task, one must pick cards that _____ the antecedent and _____ the consequent.
What are affirm and deny?
300
Intelligence is the ability to solve ______ problems, capacity to ______ from experience, and ability to ______ to different contexts/situations.
What is complex, learn, and adapt?
400
Language acquisition includes these major stages
What is holophrastic (one-word) stage, telegraphic (two-word) stage, and learning syntax (syntactic overgeneralization)?
400
People are typically successful at solving the X-ray problem when presented with this aid.
What is an analogous or isomorphic problem?
400
While waiting for your bus to arrive, you go into a convenient store to buy a pack of gum. Knowing that you don't have a lot of time, you quickly grab the first pack of gum that exceeds your expectations. This heuristic can explain your reasoning.
What is satisficing?
400
These are two theories of reasoning.
What is normative (how one ought reason) and descriptive (how people actually reason)?
400
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is not a(n) ____________, reflects _______ performance, and is a(n) ___________.
What is absolute score, relative, and ordinal scale?
500
Humans lose the ability to discriminate sounds not relevant to their language around this age, and most people who learn language after this age never acquire native ability.
What is 8 months and 10-12 years old?
500
The Hobbits and Orcs problem is an example of how this aspect of _________ does not work.
What is means-ends analysis and difference reduction?
500
These six decision making heuristics and biases are in addition to three common heuristics.
What is simulation heuristic, conjunction fallacy, illusory correlations, framing effect, overconfidence, hindsight bias, representativeness heuristic, availability heuristic, and anchoring effect?
500
According to Gigerenzer and Hoffrage (1995), despite conveying the same information, people tend to do better with this type of presentation.
What are frequencies compared to probabilities?
500
g matters more in a _______ population, while multiple intelligences matter more in a _________ population.
What is general population and a narrow population (i.e. high IQ only)?
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