CONFORMITY
OBEDIENCE
COMPLIANCE
HELPING
POTLUCK
100
10) In several variations on Asch's classic experiment, a standard-setting line was first presented to small groups of people, followed by the presentation of three comparison lines of different lengths. In one condition, two of three accomplices, posing as students, chose an incorrect answer before the subject could respond. The third accomplice sometimes chose a correct response and sometimes chose a more incorrect response. Under these conditions, respondents were more likely to choose the correct response. These results suggest ________. A) it becomes easier to resist conformity pressure once unanimity of the group is broken B) group pressure to conform has only minimal effects on behavior C) it is not possible to resist conformity pressure D) it becomes more difficult to resist conformity pressure once unanimity of the group is broken E) group pressure to conform is uniform and universal
What is A) it becomes easier to resist conformity pressure once unanimity of the group is broken
100
One reason that people are willing to obey persons in authority who order them to engage in destructive behaviors is that ________. A) total submission to the commands of authority figures is always an appropriate course of action B) the authority figure may inadvertently stimulate heuristic mental processes that limit our ability to think about what we are doing C) authority figures are selected on the basis of their superior knowledge and understanding in most situations D) the authority figure relieves those who obey of responsibility for their actions E) the authority figure represents a significant threat to those who do not obey
What is D) the authority figure relieves those who obey of responsibility for their actions
100
) One frequently used impression management technique is ingratiation. This involves ________. A) first inducing the target person to like you, then attempting to change the person's behavior in a desired direction. B) first beginning with a small request, then escalating to a larger request after the first one has been granted C) offering additional benefits to a target person before they have decided whether or not to comply with a request D) first beginning with a very large request, then making a much smaller but desired request after the first request has been refused E) offering a very attractive deal, then changing the terms of the agreement after the attractive deal was accepted
What is A) first inducing the target person to like you, then attempting to change the person's behavior in a desired direction
100
As the number of bystanders who are present at an emergency increases, the probability that any one bystander will help ________, and the length of time that passes before help occurs ________. A) increases; remains the same B) decreases; decreases C) decreases; increases D) increases; decreases E) increases; increases
What is C) decreases; increases
100
According to the general aggression model, situational factors and personal factors can lead to aggressive behavior because of their influence on ________, ________, and ________. A) physiological arousal; affective states; cognitions B) cognitions; affective states; frustration C) affective states; cognitions; other people D) affective states; physiological arousal; catharsis E) catharsis; provocation; cognitions
What is A) physiological arousal; affective states; cognitions
200
11) Erin has been living with her boyfriend for a year. During that time, Erin has heard her boyfriend and his family make many negative comments about Asians. When her boyfriend's family is around, Erin also occasionally makes negative comments about Asians, even though she doesn't believe these comments are based in facts. This situation best represents the distinction between ________ and ________. A) private speech; public beliefs B) private conformity; public acceptance C) public conformity; private acceptance D) public speech; private beliefs E) public conformity; private non-conformity
What is C) public conformity; private acceptance
200
A possible reason why authority figures can be so successful in getting obedience for horrific tasks is that they ________. A) encourage systematic processing B) encourage thoughtful consideration of their position C) try to engage in the process of ingratiation D) allow the obedient person to escalate their tasks very gradually E) put the obedient person's focus on considering whether he or she is doing something wrong
What is D) allow the obedient person to escalate their tasks very gradually
200
Ada had missed the notes for several classes and asked Rob for the notes for one day. Rob gave the notes to Ada, who copied them and then asked Rob for a week's worth of notes. Because of the ________, Rob is highly likely to give Ada the notes. A) foot-in-the-door technique B) two stage compliance approach C) lowball technique D) door-in-the-face technique E) ingratiation approach
What is A) foot-in-the-door technique
200
The first step involved in deciding whether or not to offer assistance in an emergency is to ________. A) assess one's ability to take needed action B) determine whether one will benefit from acting C) interpret the situation as an emergency D) assume responsibility for the outcome of the situation E) notice that something unusual is happening
What is E) notice that something unusual is happening
200
Research on aggression and social exclusion indicates that people who are rejected are more likely to complete words in ways in that show A) a hostile cognitive mindset. B) a prosocial mindset. C) priming of cooperative words. D) priming of neutral words. E) attempts to make new friends.
What is A) a hostile cognitive mindset.
300
James, a 17-year-old high school student, has just moved to a new city and enrolled in a new school. At his old school, there were strong social norms against teenagers smoking cigarettes. At his new school, however, several of his new friends regularly smoke and say to him, "C'mon, don't be a jerk, have one of mine." As a result, James is likely to begin smoking because of ________. A) the informational social influence B) the normative social influence C) the foot-in-the-door technique D) ingratiation E) the normative focus influence
What is B) the normative social influence
300
In Milgram's (1965) experiment in which research participants were ordered to deliver dangerous electrical shocks to individuals who made mistakes in learning word pairs, ________ of the participants showed total obedience by delivering 450-volt shocks to the learners. A) 50 percent B) 85 percent C) 35 percent D) 65 percent E) 10 percent
What is D) 65 percent
300
Jack has agreed to purchase a new car for $18,000. However, just before he gets ready to sign the contract, the salesman tells Jack that the sales manager will not approve the amount allowed for his trade-in, and that the contract will have to be higher, probably around $19,000. Jack has just been the victim of ________. A) the lowball technique B) the door-in-the-face technique C) the that's-not-all technique D) playing hard to get E) the foot-in-the-door technique
What is A) the lowball technique
300
Which statement BEST describes the decision making model of helping behavior developed by Latane and Darley? A) Fallacies in our thinking make it difficult for us to make rational decisions regarding prosocial behavior. B) People are more likely to help during an emergency when there are relatively few bystanders. C) The person confronted by an emergency situation must make five crucial decisions before helping. D) Whether we perform prosocial behavior depends on whether we have been primed to do so. E) Diffusion of responsibility is the reason that helping is inhibited in groups.
What is C) The person confronted by an emergency situation must make five crucial decisions before helping.
300
Jason is a relatively easy-going person who never seems to be in a hurry. He tends to avoid direct competition with others, preferring to set and meet goals and standards for himself without considering what others are doing or achieving. He is always patient with those who move more slowly than he does or who get in his way. Jason probably has a ________. A) Type C personality B) Type A personality C) holistic approach to aggression D) non-hostile attributional bias E) Type B personality
What is E) Type B personality
400
Michele's friends are very conservative in terms of their dress and appearance. Much to their amusement, Michele dyes her hair pink and green the following day. Michele's action can be explained by her need for ________. A) cohesiveness B) avoiding peer pressure C) heuristic processing D) systematic processing E) individuation
What is E) individuation
400
Individuals tend to show the greatest decrease in their ability to show harmful obedience when they ________. A) question the expertise and motives of the authority figures B) view a victim being physically harmed C) hear protests by the victim D) receive feedback from the victim E) receive rewards from the authority figures
What is A) question the expertise and motives of the authority figures
400
When an auto dealer offers you an extra option as a "closer" for a deal, the dealer is using ________. A) ingratiation B) the foot-in-the-door technique C) the door-in-the-face technique D) the that's-not-all technique E) the lowball procedure
What is D) the that's-not-all technique
400
Wayne and Cheryl were at a restaurant eating dinner when he noticed a faint smell of smoke coming from the air conditioning vent. No one else in the busy restaurant seemed to be concerned about the odor, and Wayne was not sure if it was the result of an electrical problem or of food scorching in the kitchen. Wayne's uncertainty, combined with the observation that others were not taking action, means that Wayne will probably ________. A) quietly suggest to Cheryl that they leave immediately B) ask the people at nearby tables if they have noticed an odor C) do nothing D) ask a waiter to check on the smell E) scream "Fire!" and run for the door
What is C) do nothing
400
We may value belonging to a highly selective group because it allows us to A) engage in self-enhancement. B) reject the high power group. C) easily leave our current group memberships. D) focus on the collective good. E) engage in realistic conflict with others.
What is A) engage in self-enhancement
500
Zimbardo’s prison experiment demonstrates that ____ can overpower ____, and people may conform to expected roles. A) personality traits; situational norms B) roles; injunctive norms C) situations; personalities D) informational norms; descriptive norms E) implicit norms; injunctive norms
What is C) situations; personalities
500
One reason that people are willing to obey persons in authority who order them to engage in destructive behaviors is that ________. A) the authority figure represents a significant threat to those who do not obey B) authority figures may inadvertently stimulate heuristic mental processes that limit our ability to think about what we are doing C) authority figures are selected on the basis of their superior knowledge and understanding in most situations D) persons in authority often possess visible signs of their status which remind us of the social norm for obedience to authorities E) total submission to the commands of authority figures is always an appropriate course of action
What is D) persons in authority often possess visible signs of their status which remind us of the social norm for obedience to authorities
500
Jenna saw in the paper that a department store was having a "One-Day Closeout of Winter Dresses" sale. If she goes to that sale and buys something, she will be a victim of the ________. A) lowball procedure B) foot-in-the-door technique C) door-in-the-face technique D) deadline technique E) playing hard to get technique
What is D) deadline technique
500
Emily is out for a leisurely drive and has just witnessed the car in front of her on the highway slow to a stop and pull off to the side of the road. The driver got out of the vehicle and lifted the hood. She is very adept at fixing cars and there are not too many other cars on the road. After considering helping for a bit, Emily continues to drive past the stranded motorist. Why? A) Emily is concerned the driver might be setting up a trap or trick. B) Emily is not sure she will be able to help. C) Emily thinks there probably isn’t really anything wrong. D) Emily thinks that someone else will come along to help soon. E) Emily does not want to offer inappropriate help.
What is A) Emily is concerned the driver might be setting up a trap or trick.
500
Who is your favorite instructor? A. Solomon Asch B. Leon Festinger C. Phillip Zimbardo D. Jan Griffin
What is D. Jan Griffin
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