Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 10
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
100
sensory neurons that convey info from somatic receptors in the head body wall, limbs, motor neurons conduct impulses from CNS to muscles
What is somatic nervous system
100
sensory organs get info from our auto receptors in the visiceal organs like the stomach and the lungs to the CNS motor neurons conduct nerve impulses from CNS to smooth cardiac muscles and glands because it is involentary
What is autonomic nervous system
100
1. Action potentials reaches end of neuron and vessicles releases ACh 2.ACh empties into synapse, nitonic receptors respond to ACh by greating a graded potential which the triggers action potential and ACh is diminished by ACE 3. Action potential travels down sarcolemma along T-tubles
What is Neuromuscular junction
100
pyruvic acid goes into mictochondria where it is oxcidized and produces ATP , carbon dioxcide, water and heat gives alot of ATP, requires 02 slow, muscles that been exercised for a long period of time
What is aerobic cellular respiration
100
pubic crest and pubic symphysis adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint and rotates thigh
What is adductor longus
200
a sequence of rapidly occuring events that decrease and reverse the membrane potential and restore it to its resting state the first channel to open Na+ rush into cells(depolarize) k+ open allow k+ to flow out (repolarize) hyper-polarizes when gates stay open
What is action potential
200
enough stimuli to contract it temporairly loses excitability and cannot respond
What is refactory period
200
1. action potential along t-tubles causes SR to release calcium Ca2+ the sarcoplasm of each myofibril fills with calcium 2.troponin grabs Ca2+, pulls tropomyosin off actin filament 3.myosin fibers begin using ATP and climb hand of hand up actin chain
What is excitation-contraction coupling
200
inability to maintain contraction decrease of ca2+ in sarcoplasm depletion of creatine phosphate not enough oxygen build up of latic acid and ADP faliure of action potentials in motor neuron to release ACh
What is muscle fatigue
200
ischial tuberosity flexes leg at knee and extends thigh at hip joint
What is semimembranosus
300
small deviation from the membrane potential that makes the membrane more polarized or less polarized this occurs when a stimulus causes ligand gated or mechanically gated channels to open or close
What is graded potential
300
the membrane potential is restored to its resting state of 70mV, after activation gates open inactivation gates close, k+ channels open the membrane is repolarizes as k+ ions leave neuron and a few negative charges begin to build up, as this continues the build up of negative charges increases k+ outflow reaches resting membrane potential, Na+ inactivation gates open, returning to resting state when k+ gates close
What is repolarizing phase in action potential
300
1. myosin hydrolyzes ATP to ADP and phosphate 2.myosin releases phosphate and binds with actin (grips rope) 3. myosin releases ADP and cross bridges rotate moving relative to actin (power stroke climbs rope) 4.myosin binds new ATP and detaches from actin filament 5. different heads of myosin filaments or at different stages at the same time
What is myosin-actin interaction
300
breif contraction of all muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential a breif delay occurs between application of stimulus and begining of contraction
What is twitch
300
iliac spine weakly flexes leg at knee joint, weakly flexes and abducts and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint (cross legs)
What is sartorius
400
the negative membrane potential because less negative reaches 0 then becomes positive the inflow of Na+ changes membrane from -55mV to 30mV the peak is more positive than outside, more channels open and Na+ inflow increases (positive feedback)
What is depolarizing phase of action potential
400
when a response makes the membrane more polarized (inside more negative)
What is hyper polarizing of a graded potential
400
When muscle is relaxes more ATP is made then what it needs so the extra ATP is used to synthesize creatine phosphate. Creatine kinase catalyzes a phosephate group from ATP to creatine forming creatine phosphate and ADP when the muscle relaxes more ADP is make and then CK catalyzes back to ADP and quickly generates ATP this is a very rapid process
What is creatine phosphate
400
the delay muscle action potential sweeps over sarcolemma and calcium is realease from SR
What is latent period
400
greater trochanter of femur extends leg at knee joint
What is vastus lateralls
500
cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS
What is ganglia
500
when a response make the membrane less polarized ( inside less negative)
What is depolarizing of graded potential
500
does not require 02 gluscose generates ATP and goes from blood to muscle fibers through facilitated diffusion pyrvic acid is formed by glycolysis enters into mictochondria when it becomes latic acid that goes to blood (fast) (sprints)
What is anaerobic cellular respiration
500
CA2+ is activly transported back into SR myosin binding sites are covered with tropomyosin, myosin heads detach from actin
What is relaxation period
500
inferior illiac spine extends leg at knee joint flexes thigh
What is rectus femoris
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