Feedback & Regulation
This type of feedback amplifies hormone release
What is positive feedback?
Hormone that stimulates LH and FSH release
What is GnRH?
Primary mechanism of thyroid hormone action
What is activation of DNA transcription?
Hormone that increases glucose uptake in muscle and fat
What is insulin?
Hormone that inhibits both insulin and glucagon
What is somatostatin?
The most common endocrine control mechanism that suppresses further hormone release
What is negative feedback?
Structure connecting hypothalamus to pituitary
What is the pituitary stalk?
Hormone that lowers calcium by reducing bone resorption
What is calcitonin?
Type of diabetes caused by autoimmune destruction of β-cells
What is Type 1 diabetes?
Vasopressin receptor responsible for water reabsorption
What is V2?
Cortisol suppresses release of this anterior pituitary hormone
What is ACTH?
Vessels that transport hypothalamic hormones to anterior pituitary
What are hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal vessels?
Active thyroid hormone formed from T4
What is T3?
Lab that reflects glucose control over 2–3 months
What is HbA1c?
Primary stimulus for aldosterone secretion
What is increased potassium?
Hormone levels are typically measured in this system to evaluate endocrine function
What is the bloodstream (plasma levels)?
Anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates adrenal cortex
What is ACTH?
First-line drug for hypothyroidism
What is levothyroxine?
Life-threatening complication from insulin deficiency
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
Hormone elevated during surgical stress response
What is cortisol?
This system, along with the immune system, modulates endocrine function
What is the nervous system?
These receptors are activated by hypothalamic hormones in the pituitary
What are G-protein–coupled receptors?
Lab used to monitor therapy in primary hypothyroidism
What is TSH?
Process inhibited by insulin in the liver
What is gluconeogenesis?
Hormones that act on intracellular nuclear receptors
What are steroids and thyroid hormones?