CNS
What are the two structures that make up the CNS?
The brain and the spinal cord
ANS- Autonomic Nervous system
SNS- Somatic Nervous system
What are the functions of CN I, II, and VIII?
I- Olfaction, scent
II- Optic nerve, vision
VIII- Auditory, hearing and balance
What area is referred to as the "relay center" in the diencephalon?
The Thalamus
Grey matter is on the ______, white matter is on the ______.
Inside; outside
How is gray and white matter organized within the brain and spinal cord?
Brain- White matter inside gray matter outside
Spinal Cord- Gray matter inside white matter outside
What are the two divisions of the ANS?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
How many cranial nerves have:
Only motor function
Only sensory function
Both
Motor- 5
Sensory- 3
Both- 4
What is the connector between the two hemispheres of the brain named?
Corpus Colosseum
What is the point of connection in the middle of the spinal cord?
Grey commisure
Type of neuron that carries information between motor and sensory neurons
Interneuron
Describe the afferent division and the efferent division
Afferent=sensory=ascending=PNS to CNS
Efferent=motor=descending=CNS to PNS
What are the PURE MOTOR nerves, and what are their functions?
Ocular-motor (III)- the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique
Trochlear (IV)- superior oblique muscle
Abducens (VI)- lateral rectus
Hypoglossal (XII)- a motor nerve responsible for controlling most intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles
What are the functions of the :
Medulla
Pons
Midbrain
Medulla- Cardiovascular Regulation, Respiratory rhythm
Pons- Breathing Regulation (subconscious), Facial and Eye Movements, Sleep and Consciousness
Midbrain- Visual and Auditory Processing,
Where does the spinal cord end? What is the sac at the end called? What comes off of it?
The spinal cord ends around L1-2. Conus medullaris. The Cauda Equana
What is the part of the cerebellum that looks like a tree named?
Arbor Vitae (Tree of life)
Sympathetic neurons have _____ pre ganglionic (synaptic) neurons due to the _____ ______, while parasympathetic have ______ pre ganglionic (synaptic) neurons.
Short, sympathetic chain; long
What cranial nerve has 3 defined branches?
Trigeminal- V-1, V-2, V-3
Is the pre-central gyrus motor or sensory?
The pre central gyrus is motor
What region of the spine can you find the lateral grey horn? Where does it begin/ end?
Typically T1-L2
Name all the Glial Cells within the CNS and their functions
Astrocytes- maintain BBB
Microglia- remove foreign particles/microbes/waste
Oligodendrocytes- myelinate in CNS
Ependymal Cells- Production of CSF
What is the order of a reflex arc?
Receptor----Sensory Neuron----Integration center (such as Thalamus)----Motor neuron---Effector organ
WHat is the name of CN X? What is special about it?
Vagus.
It is the only CN that goes below the head and neck to inerviate the organs.
Does the visual or auditory reflex happen first? Which colliculi is this? Which one happens second and which colliculi is this?
Visual. Superior colliculi
Auditory happens second. Inferior colliculi
What are the meninges? Name them in order from superficial to deep. What meninge are the denticulate ligaments part of?
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater.
They are a Pia mater structures.