Phyla Echinodermata
The ______ is the coelom compartment modified for hydraulic movement
Water vascular system
The ____ is a region of the pharynx that secretes mucus. It eventually becomes the thyroid in humans.
Endostyle
What invertebrate craniate class have no stomach
Class Myxini
In Order Anura's skin, what do each of these give rise to?
Mucous glands -> _____
Serous glands -> ______
Chromatophores -> ______
mucus
toxins
skin color
Bird lungs are rigid and do not expand/contract. Air is drown into and expelled via elastic ____.
Air sacs
The _____ are claws on outer surface for cleaning and defense
Which subphylum's body is encased by a protective tunic comprised of cellulose?
What class of jawless vertebrate has a spiral valve in it's intestine to increase surface area for absorption?
Class Petromyzontida (lampreys)
Non avian reptiles have keratinized skin composed of which type of keratin? What type of keratin do mammals use?
Mammals use A-keratin
Do air sacs perform gas exchange?
NO, they simply store air
Echinoderms endoskeleton is comprised of calcareous plates called ossicles. _____ connects ossicles.
Catch collagen
Which subphylum use pharyngeal slits to filter feed?
Subphylum Cephalochordata
In Class Chondrichthyes, their blood is isosmotic to seawater, they use a unique ______ to excrete excess NaCl.
They do or do not have a swim bladder?
Rectal gland
No swim bladder
What type of skulls do birds and crocodilians have?
Diapsid
In birds, the ____ are fused clavicles that store energy during wing beats where the ____ is the origin of flight muscles (lots of area for muscle attachment)
Furcula (wishbone)
Keeled sternum
The ______ in class holothuroidea is defined as branching tubes connected to the digestive system used to exchange gases
Respiratory tree
The cephalochordate characteristics foreshadow vertebrate structure, they have a ____ which is part of their digestive tract with liver-and pancreas-like functions
hepatic cecum
In regards to O2 filling the swim bladder, blood entering through the ____ flows through a countercurrent exchanger.
Gas gland
Extensive epidermal capillary beds
Thinner epidermis than other amphibia
Buccal (mouth) gas exchange
Mammalian noses use ____ bones.
Turbinate
Are echinoderms osmoregulators or osmoconformers?
Osmoconformers
KNOW THE DIFFERENCE AND BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN
1. Both are modified pharyngeal bars
2. Both originate from neural crest
3. Cranial nerve innervation of both is similar
In regards to O2 filling the swim bladder, the change in pH is mediated by a gradient of CO2 from veins to arteries due to the ______ flow pattern
Countercurrent
Name the parts of an amniotic egg:
1) _____- fluid filled cushion, watery pocket for embryo
2) _____- stores nitrogenous waste, gas exchange
3) ____- nutrient storage
4) _____- gas exchange
2) Allantois
3) Yolk Sac
4) Chorion
Inside the mammalian sweat gland
_____- secrete watery sweat for evaporative cooling
______- secrete milky fluid, embedded deep in dermis; open into har follicles
____- associated with hair follicles, release sebum
Eccrine
Apocrine
Sebaceous glands