Nervous tissue
The entry of sodium ions into a cell during depolarization causes the membrane potential to be come
a. Less negative
b. Less positive
c. More negative
d. Polarized
e. Repolarized
a. Less negative
The brain and spinal cord have noticeable areas of gray and white matter. Which of the following constitutes the white matter?
a. Dendrites
b. Myelinated axons
c. Cell bodies of neurons
d. Neuroglia
b. Myelinated axons
Functions of serotonin include all of the following except
a. Intestinal movement
b. Mood regulation
c. Sleep
d. Fight or flight response
d. Fight or flight response
Matching activity #2
See answer key
What division of the nervous system is responsible for increasing the heart rate?
Sympathetic nervous system
The cells that conduct messages towards the brain are
a. Multipolar neurons
b. Afferent neurons
c. Interneurons
d. Efferent neurons
e. Unmyelinated neurons
a. Afferent neurons
The _______ has the main centers for breathing reflexes.
a. Pons
b. Medulla
c. Cerebrum
d. Hypothalamus
e. Cerebellum
b. Medulla
Which of these terms does not belong with the others?
a. Norepinephrine
b. Epinephrine
c. Adrenaline
d. Acetylcholine
d. Acetylcholine
Draw/describe a simple reflex arc on the white board or sheet of paper.
Sensory receptor -> Sensory/afferent neuron -> Interneuron in spinal cord -> Motor/efferent neuron -> effector (muscle)
What cell is responsible for producing myelin sheath of axons in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann Cells
The peripheral nervous system does not include
a. Interneurons
b. Sensory receptors
c. Cranial nerves
d. Ganglia
e. Spinal nerves
a. Interneurons
Nerves that carry impulses from the heart to the brain could be classified as ________ fibers
a. Somatic efferent
b. Visceral efferent
c. Somatic afferent
d. Visceral afferent
d. Visceral afferent
Which of the following neurotransmitters cause decreased firing and propagation of an action potential?
a. Norepinephrine
b. Epinephrine
c. GABA
d. Dopamine
c. GABA
Labeling activity #1
See finished diagram
What is the difference between an IPSP and EPSP?
IPSP - inhibitory postsynaptic potential. Brings the cell further away from threshold by opening potassium channels or opening chloride channels. Hyperpolarizes.
EPSP - excitatory postsynaptic potential. Brings the cell closer to threshold by opening sodium channels. Depolarizes.
What is the primary function of an axon?
a. To receive signals from other neurons
b. To conduct electrical impulses away from the neuron
c. To protect the neuron from damage
d. To house the nucleus of the neuron
b. To conduct electrical impulses away from the neuron
Which of the following structures produces a hormone called antidiuretic hormone that is involved in preventing dehydration?
a. Cerebrum
b. Pineal gland
c. Hypothalamus
d. Pons
e. Medulla oblongata
c. Hypothalamus
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
a. They provide structural support and help in nutrient supply to neurons
b. They form the myelin sheaths the insulate axons, enhancing signal conduction
c. They generate electrical impulses for neuron communication
d. They act as immune system cells that protect neurons from pathogens
b. They form the myelin sheaths the insulate axons, enhancing signal conduction
Matching exercise #2
See finished answer key
What is the longest and thickest nerve of the body that innervates the hamstrings and most muscles of the leg and foot?
Sciatic nerve
A nerve is a
a. Bundle of many axons carrying information to and from the central nervous system
b. Bundle of dendrites that carries information about many things simultaneously
c. Single axon carrying information to and from the central nervous system
d. Bundle of axons carrying information from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system only
a. Bundle of many axons carrying information to and from the central nervous system
Which of these correctly describes the function of the thalamus?
a. Controls the autonomic functions of the body, such as the fight-or-flight response
b. Determines what can enter the brain from the blood
c. Determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area
d. Controls reflexes
e. Receives motor information from the cerebellum and routes it to skeletal muscles
c. Determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area
A spinal cord CSF sample is usually taken from the
a. Brain
b. Peripheral nerves
c. Lumbar subarachnoid space
d. Cervical subarachnoid space
e. Pia mater
c. Lumbar subarachnoid space
Matching activity #3
See finished answer key
What is the nerve that innervates the muscle used during inspiration (inhalation)?
The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm