Cell cycle
treadmilling
___ is mutated in over 50% of cancers
p53
Anaphase A involves the ____ spindle fibers whereas anaphase B involves the ___ spindle fibers
chromosomal; polar
Steroid hormone receptors are located
in nucleus or cytosol (intracellular)
promotes G1/S and G2/M transitions
Cyclin A (and its CDK's)
cohesin
120F would be a _______ condition for human protein folding
restrictive condition (mutant expression)
____ is released from _____ when the kinetochore aligns at the metaphyseal plate
Cdc20 released from Mad2 protein
The G protein that turns on is called ____ whereas turns off is called ____
ON: GEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factor
OFF: GAP: GTPase-activating proteins
Which cyclin is present at the start of the cell cycle
Cyclin D
Kinetochore; microtubules
_________ of _____-cytosine results in thymine
deamination of methylated-cytosine= thymine
____ is responsible for cytokinesis in eukaryotic cells and is thought to contribute to cell division by "squeezing" the cell into two.
Name the two filaments associate as well!
Contractile ring theory
Actin and Myosin 2
Cleavages of PI results in creation of which molecules
IP3 and DAG
In the pathway where ATM senses ionizing radiation and activates Chk2, what is the effector?
P21
_____ are microtubules only surrounding the centriole
astral spindle fibers
______ endonuclease is utilized in the _______ pathway that solves the issue of thymine dimers
AP endonuclease; Base excision repair
Name the stages in cell wall formation (cytokinesis in plants)
Vesicle dump->phragmoplast->cell plate-> cell wall
In response to insulin, PKB is eventually activated. This results in (2 things)
glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis
Activation of ____ by ____ leads to phosphorylation of CDC25
Chk1 by ATM
animals-
fungi-
plants-
animals- gametic
fungi- zygotic
plants- sporic
What is the main difference between base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair
Base excision repair corrects only damaged bases whereas nucleotide excision repair takes out a short segment of DNA.
Explain the entire spindle checkpoint from CDC20 release to chromosome separation :)
Mad2 releases CDC 20 when the kinetochore aligns properly at the metaphyseal plate. CDC20 activates APC which tags securin for destruction. Lonely separase is now activated and destroys the cohesions so the chromosomes may separate.
Explain the GPCR cycle through creation of cAMP
c