First Line of Defense
The skin and mucous is a part of the
What is first line of defense in the innate immune system?
Toll like receptors attach to ... (100+ if you can name examples)
What is PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns)(peptidoglycan, LPS, dsRNA, flagellin)?
Lipid carbohydrate complex is involved in this pathway
What is the alternative pathway?
Function of Basophils
What is production of histamine?
Type of lymphocyte that is involved in the secondary immune response
What is memory T and B cells?
Types of Antigen-Presenting Cells (APC)
B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells
How Phage Therapy Works?
What is the use of bacteriophages to treat bacterial infection?
Function of Ciliary Escalator
What is transport trapped microbes away from the lungs?
What is chemotaxis?
Protein that causes opsonization
What is C3b?
Most abundant leukocyte and its function (each is 100 points)
What are neutrophils and phagocytosis?
Where B cells mature and T cells mature
Location of the variable region of an antibody.
Common factor of Penicillins
What is the beta-lactam ring?
The secretions that are part of the first line of defense (Name at least 2 for full points; 100+ if you can name all 4)
What are the lacrimal apparatus, urine, saliva, and vaginal secretions?
Interferons trigger the production of
What is Antiviral Proteins?
Difference between Classical and Lectin Pathways
What is lectin pathway is triggered by mannose-binding lectin instead of C1?
Function of Macrophage and Dendritic Cells
Type of cells does MHC Type 1 present on and cell that attaches to it
Immunoglobulin that is responsible for agglutination and the first antibodies produced in response to infection
What is IgM
What Antiviral Treatments inhibit
What is Entry/fusion, nucleic acid synthesis, and assembly/exit?
The enzyme in perspiration, tears, saliva, and urine that is part of the chemical factors of defense.
What is lysozyme?
What is prostaglandins?
Describe how complement system triggers inflammation
What is C3b splits C5, C3a and C5a triggers mast cells to release histamines which cause inflammation and attracts phagocytes?
Function of Eosinophils
What is production of toxic proteins against certain parasites?
Substance that activates B cells to become plasma cells (100+ where it comes from)
What are cytokines? (T helper cells)
Purpose of Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Enzyme in tears, saliva, and urine and its function
What is lysozyme and attacks protective cell wall of bacteria?
Substances that cause vasodilation (50+ each for function of substance)
What are histamines (vasodilation), kinins (vasodilation), prostaglandins (intensify), and leukotrienes (phagocytic attachment)?
How the Membrane attack complex (MAC) is formed
What is C5b-C9 forms a hole in the microbe cell membrane which causes cell lysis?
Type of immunity granulocytes vs agranulocytes are a part of
Infected cells present
What is MHC Class I and antigen fragment complex?
5 results of Antigen-Antibody Binding (100/correct)
What are Opsonization, agglutination, Activation of complement, Neutralization, and ADCC?
5 action modes of antibiotics (100/correct)