Personality
An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.
What is self-efficacy?
The four Ds of defining psychological disorders?
What are deviance, dysfunction, distress, and danger?
Drugs that combat depression by affecting the levels or activity of neurotransmitters in the brain.
What are antidepressants?
Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group.
What are stereotypes?
Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis. Known for many things, but in chapter 13 we went over his theories of id, ego, superego, and his psychosexual stages of development.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
The principle that the id will tend to strive for immediate gratification.
What is the pleasure principle?
A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.
What is schizophrenia?
Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.
What is psychosurgery?
The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
What is social psychology?
British-American psychologist known for his work into intrapersonal psychological structure. Used factor analysis to narrow down Allport's 4,000 traits to 16 traits.
Who is Raymond Cattell?
The personality dimensions that make up Eysenck's Big 5 theory. Hint: ocean.
What is openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism?
A disorder in which individuals feel compelled to save items and become very distressed if they try to discard them, resulting in an excessive accumulation of items.
A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.
What is a lobotomy?
The more people in the group, the less any one person is responsible for the outcome of the situation.
What is the diffusion of responsibility?
American psychologist and professor at Stanford University, best known for his Stanford prison experiment.
Who is Phillip Zimbardo?
A self-report questionnaire that clearly asks about a wide range of behaviors and feelings and assesses several traits at once. (Hint: a type of personality inventory, not a specific test)
What are objective personality inventories?
An approach to psychology that considers the complex effects social and cultural factors have on individual behavior. Emphasizes the role of social and cultural factors on the conception, diagnosis, and frequency of psychological disorders.
What is the sociocultural model?
An approach to treatment that involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response.
What is exposure therapy?
The tension we experience when our attitudes and behaviors do not match; motivates us to change our attitudes to be more consistent with our behaviors.
What is cognitive dissonance theory?
American social psychologist, best known for his controversial experiments on obedience.
Who is Stanley Milgram?
Assessment instruments based on the psychodynamic perspective that are sensitive to the examiner's beliefs and are a way to examine the unconscious. (Hint: A type of personality test, not a specific test)
What are projective personality tests?
A mental disorder characterized by a maladaptive pattern of behaviors and cognitions that often impair the ability to interact successfully in the social environment.
What are personality disorders?
A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
We accept our successes as a product of personal characteristics and losses as due to situational variables.
What is self-serving bias?
Did a study in 1973 where he and seven others presented themselves to psychiatric hospitals and deceived the admitting nurses into believing that they were hearing voices. Most were diagnosed with some form of schizophrenia. This study shows how we assimilate new information to suit our existing schemas and tend to assume a person's behavior is tied to his or her mental illness.
Who is David Rosenhan?