Gestalt Problem Solving
People have to overcome this in order to complete the candle problem
What is functional fixedness?
This type of thinking involves producing numerous unique ideas for a problem.
What is divergent thinking?
This task may involve coming up with unique ideas of what to do with common household objects
What is the Alternate/Alternative/Unusual Uses Task?
These types of emotions are based on predictions of how they will feel about a specific outcome
What are expected emotions?
This type of reasoning relies on specific observations
What is inductive reasoning?
This term refers to the process of changing a problem’s representation
What is restructuring?
This process of Wallas’s 4-stage model of creativity involves stepping away and working on a problem subconsciously
What is the incubation process?
This problem solving task involves moving discs from one set of pegs to another
What is the Tower of Hanoi?
This type of decision making procedure refers to having someone make an active step to avoid a course of action
What is the opt-out procedure?
This refers to the form of a syllogism that indicates that the conclusion logically follows the premises
What is validity?
Experts are better than novices in solving problems, aside from problems that involve this characteristic
What is flexibility?
This type of creativity involves a groundbreaking creative product that makes a substantial contribution to a field
What is Big-C creativity?
This reasoning task involves turning over 2 cards in order to test a rule
What is the Wason 4 card problem?
When decisions are framed as gains, people use this type of risk strategy
What is risk aversion strategy?
This bias is our tendency to view a weak syllogism as valid because its believable
What is the belief bias?
This problem involves using a pair of pliers as a pendulum in order to tie strings together that were hanging from the ceiling
This brain network is involved with mind wandering and higher creativity scores on divergent thinking tasks
What is the default mode network?
This task involves finding associations between words that are semantically distant
What is the remote associates test?
This theory assumes that people are rational decision makers and will make a decisions that result in a person’s goal
What is Expected Utility Theory?
This effect results in people having stronger views when provided with corrective facts that oppose their viewpoint
What is the backfire effect?
For these kinds of problems, participants aren’t as good predicting when they are near the solution (using warmth ratings)
What is insight?
The evaluative process may rely on this cognitive skill in order to edit ideas
What is cognitive control?
This game has two players interact to decide how to divide a sum of money.
What is the ultimatum game?
This effect refers to how decisions are influenced by how the choices are stated
What is the framing effect?
This schema may help in solving real world versions of the Wason task.
What is the Permission schema?