When a child sees a cow for the first time (new object) and calls it a horse (applies an old idea), he is showing Piaget's process of
a. assimilation c. LAD
b. accommodation d. premack
What is
a. assimilation
100
Which is the correct order of stages of prenatal development?
a. Zygote, embryo, fetus
b. Embryo, Zygote, Fetus
c. Duck, Duck, Goose
d. Fetus, embryo, Zygote
What is
a. Zygote, embryo, fetus
100
In his study of obedience, Stanley Milgram found that the majority of subjects
a. refused to shock the learner even once
b. complied with the experiment until the learner first indicated pain
c. complied with the experiment until the learner began screaming in agony
d. complied with all the demands of the experiment
What is
d. complied with all the demands of the experiment
100
Concluding her presentation on deindividuation, Renee notes that deindividuation is less likely in situations that promote
a. Groupthink b. Increased self-awareness
c. Cognitive Dissonance d. Conformity
What is
b. Increased self-awareness
100
Students at State University are convinced that their school is better than any other; this most directly illustrates
a. the scapegoat effect.
b. an ingroup bias.
c. prejudice and discrimination.
d. the just-world phenomenon.
What is
b. an ingroup bias.
200
Which of the following is not one of the four stages of cognitive development delineated by Piaget?
a. sensorimotor period c. concrete operational period
b. verbal period d. formal operational period
What is
b. verbal period
200
10. Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician’s waiting room, little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mother’s skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of
a. habituation
b. egocentrism
c. insecure attachment
d. the rooting reflex
e. object permanence
What is
c. insecure attachment
200
Social traps are situations in which
a. conflicting parties realize that they have shared goals, the attainment of which requires their mutual cooperation
b. conflicting parties have similar and generally negative views of one another
c. conflicting parties each pursue their self-interests and become caught in mutually destructive behavior
d. two conflicting groups meet face-to-face in an effort to resolve their differences
What is
c. conflicting parties each pursue their self-interests and become caught in mutually destructive
200
Jane and Sandy were best friends in their first year of university. Jane joined a sorority; Sandy didn't. By the end of their last year, they found that they had less in common with each other than the other members of their respective circles of friends. Which of the following phenomena most likely explains their feelings?
a. Normative Social Influence b. Group Polarization
c. Informative Social Influence d. Social Loafing
What is
b. Group Polarization
200
Regarding the influence of alcohol and testosterone on aggressive behavior, which of the following is true?
a. Consumption of alcohol increases aggressive behavior; injections of testosterone reduce aggressive behavior.
b. Consumption of alcohol and injections of testosterone both promote aggressive behavior.
c. Consumption of alcohol and injections of testosterone both reduce aggressive behavior.
d. Consumption of alcohol reduces aggressive behavior; injections of testosterone increase aggressive behavior.
What is
b. Consumption of alcohol and injections of testosterone both promote aggressive behavior.
300
Most people's earliest memories do not predate ____________ age.
a. 6 months
b. 1 year
c. 2 years
d. 3 years
What is
d. 3 years
300
Piaget says that children in the preoperation period lack the concept of conservation. By this he means that they lack the ability to
a. understand that objects exist when out of sight
b. understand that the amount of a given substance remains constant when placed in a different sized container
c. imagine that others see the world differently than they do themselves
d. arrange objects in order on some dimension such as size
What is
b. understand that the amount of a given substance remains constant when placed in a different sized container
300
The phenomenon in which individuals lose their identity and relinquish normal restraints when they are part of a group is called
a. deindividuation b. Mere Exposure Effect
c. Scapegoat Theory d. Groupthink
What is
a. deindividuation
300
The mere-exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which ________
a. people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them.
b. people tend to develop an apprehension of things that they are not familiar with.
c. two groups of people that aren’t familiar with each other will undoubtedly distrust the other group.
d. knowing someone for a short time does not generally give an accurate depiction of their attitudes and behaviors, because situation dictates how we perceive and behave in our environment.
What is
a. people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them.
300
Research studies indicate that in an emergency situation, the presence of others often
a. prevents people from even noticing the situation.
b. leads to all of these behaviors.
c. prevents people from assuming responsibility for assisting.
d. prevents people from interpreting an unusual event as an emergency.
What is
b. leads to all of these behaviors.
400
When a child is told that a cow is not a horse and the child develops a new category for cows, he is showing
a. assimilation c. LAD
b. accommodation d. premack
What is
b. accommodation
400
A current assumption about human nature is that development
a. ceases with adolescence
b. ceases with attainment of the stage of formal operations
c. continues over the entire life span
d. temporarily ceases between puberty and about age 65
What is
c. continues over the entire life span
400
The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the
a. emergency takes place in a large city
b. observer has just endured a frustrating experience
c. emergency victim is a member of a different racial group than the observer
d. emergency is being observed by a number of other people
What is
d. emergency is being observed by a number of other people
400
______ is defined as a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.
a. Fair-exchange b. Equity
c. Altruism d. Disclosure
What is
b. Equity
400
Which of the following is an example of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?
a. To persuade a customer to buy a product a store owner offers a small gift.
b. All of these are examples.
c. After offering to sell a car at a ridiculously low price, a car salesperson is forced to tell the customer the car will cost $1000 more.
d. After agreeing to wear a small “Enforce Recycling” lapel pin, a woman agrees to collect signatures on a petition to make recycling required by law.
What is
d. After agreeing to wear a small “Enforce Recycling” lapel pin, a woman agrees to collect signatures on a petition to make recycling required by law.
500
Piaget notes that in the early sensorimotor state, children lack the concept of object permanence. By this he means that they lack the ability to
a. understand that objects exist when out of sight
b. understand that the amount of a given substance remains constant when placed in a
different sized container
c. imagine that others see the world differently than they do themselves
d. arrange objects in order on some dimensions such as size.
What is
a. understand that objects exist when out of sight
500
According to Piaget, when a child is egocentric he
a. is selfish
b. is mean to other children
c. imagines that others perceive the world as he does
d. both a and b above are true
What is
c. imagines that others perceive the world as he does
500
31. According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that
a. people are naturally predisposed to be hostile and aggressive
b. even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction
c. the desire to be accepted by others is one of the strongest human motives
d. people value their freedom and react negatively when they feel they are being coerced to do something
What is
b. even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction
500
We tend to perceive the members of an ingroup as ________ and the members of an outgroup as ________.
a. above average in ability; below average in ability
b. below average in ability; above average in ability
c. different from one another; similar to one another
d. similar to one another; different from one another
What is
a. above average in ability; below average in ability
500
. Which of the following strategies would be most likely to foster positive feelings between two conflicting groups?
a. Take steps to reduce the likelihood of mirror-image perceptions.
b. Have the groups work on a superordinate goal.
c. Increase the amount of contact between the two conflicting groups.
d. Separate the groups so that tensions diminish.
What is
b. Have the groups work on a superordinate goal