Cell Cycle Control
The phase of the cell cycle in which DNA replication occurs.
S phase
The mitotic spindle plays a critical role in this process.
separation of sister chromatids
A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosomes.
a sperm
The word used to describe the genotype for a diploid organism that has two identical alleles for the same trait.
homozygous
The ability of a single gene to have multiple phenotypic effects.
Pleiotropy
The shortest part of the cell cycle
M
This phase of mitosis involves the migration of chromosomes towards opposite poles of the cell.
anaphase
In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in what type of cell.
zygote
An alternative version of a gene
an allele
The inheritance of skin pigmentation in humans is an example of ?
polygenic inheritance
The phase where cells are in a non-dividing state.
G0
The region where chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase.
the centromere
Chiasmata, visible under a microscope, is an indication of what specific process in meiosis?
crossing over
A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous individual.
a testcross
A 1:2:1 phenotypic ration in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross is a sign of ?
incomplete dominance
The decline of MPF activity at the end of mitosis is due to what?
the degradation of cyclin
The phase where chromosomes become visible.
prophase
This phase of meiosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids and their movement to opposite poles of the cell.
anaphase 2
The observable outward manifestation of the genes of an individual
phenotype
The ABO blood group system is an example of ?
codominance also known as having multiple alleles (more than two)
The general term for enzymes that activate or inactivate other proteins by phosphorylating them.
protein kinase
This structure is where the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in plants and animals
the centrosome
Synapsis occurs during this phase of meiosis.
prophase 1
The condition under which Mendel's principle of independent assortment is obeyed.
the genes being observed are on different chromosomes
Describes when the phenotype of the heterozygote differs from the phenotype of both homozygotes
incomplete dominance