Ch. 14 Part 1
Ch. 14 Part 2
Ch. 15 Part 1
Ch. 15 Part 2
Misc.
100
How does the medical model impact the conceptualization of psychological disorders?
1. Use medical terms(diagnosis, prognosis, etiology) 2. Think of abnormal behavior as a disease
100
Describe 3 characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
1. Difficulties with social interactions 2. Can have very specific/preferred interests 3. Potential challenges with different aspects of verbal and nonverbal speech 4. Difficulty with change 5. Sensory sensitivities (loud noises, bright lights)
100
Name the 3 different main categories of therapies
Insight Therapy Behavior Therapy Biomedical Therapy
100
Name 2 forms of biomedical treatment
Prescription medication Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
100
Name 3 common specific phobias previously discussed in class
Could be:water, storms, enclosed spaces, heights, blood, animals, flying
200
Define: Deviance, Personal Distress, and Maladaptive Behavior
Deviance = Behavior deviates from what society considers acceptable (moves away from what is considered acceptable) Personal Distress = Individual's report or feeling of distress Maladaptive Behavior = Behavior that interferes with functioning, adaptive behavior is impaired
200
Describe antisocial personality disorder
Marked by impulsive, callous, aggressive, and irresponsible behavior. Failure to accept social norms and difficult to develop relationships with others/feel genuine affection for others. May engage in illegal activities .
200
What is insight therapy? Tell me two types
Insight therapy is talk therapy! The therapist works with the patient to help them develop more insight into their problems. Issues could be about emotions, relationships,etc. Types: Freud - Psychoanalysis/Psychodynamic Rogers - Client-centered therapy Group Therapy Couples Therapy Family Therapy
200
What disorder is ECT used for? Is it a first choice for treatment?
Depression, and No it is used when depression has not been improved by other forms of treatment (medication, therapy) "treatment resistant depression"
200
What is the difference between hallucinations and delusions?
Delusions are THOUGHTS. Ex: Delusions of Grandeur "I am the president of the US" A thought that shows a disconnect from reality and that is grand in nature; Delusions of reference: the TV news anchor is talking specifically to me sending me a message (when the TV news anchor is actually on the TV) Hallucinations are SENSORY - Seeing, hearing, smelling, or feeling things that are NOT there
300
What is the difference between Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia? Are they related in any way?
Panic Disorder = Characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly Agoraphobia = Fear of going out to public places Can be diagnosed Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia BUT they don't always go hand in hand. Sometimes the fear of having a panic attack in public can lead to agoraphobia
300
How are OCD and OCPD Different? Be very specific in your answer!
OCD is a disorder rooted in anxiety while OCPD is a personality disorder rooted in rigid personality traits OCD involves obsessional thoughts that create anxiety. This anxiety is lessened when a person engages in a compulsio (behavior). Say I have obsessional thoughts regarding contamination. germs...my anxiety is lessened when I engage in the compulsion of hand washing OCPD does NOT involve anxiety or obsessions and compulsions! It focuses on a rigid perfectionist personality type that deals with organization and the "correct" way of doing things. People with OCD dislike their OCD and anxiety, people with OCPD may view their traits as more positive
300
What is behavior therapy? Name 3 types
Behavior therapy is where the therapist works with a patient to change a maladaptive behavior (for ex: I want to quit smoking, I want to stop engaging in OCD compulsion behavior, I want to overcome a specific phobia) Systematic desnsitization - relaxation and imaginal exposure Exposure therapy - real life exposure Social skills training - modeling, rehearsal, shaping CBT - cognitive behavioral therapy
300
Name the 4 major groups of therapeutic drugs, what they treat, and an example of each (if it was discussed)
Antianxiety - Treats Anxiety, Xanax, Valium (these are benzodiazepeines or tranquilizers) Antidepressant - Treats depression, SSRI's Prozac, Zoloft *remember DepreSSion SSRI Antipsychotic - Treats psychotic symptoms (Schizophrenia) no specific names, reduces dopamine in the system Mood Stabilizer - Treats Bipolar disorder, Lithium
300
If a therapist practiced CBT and Psychodynamic therapy, what does this show about the field of psychology?
Psychology is theoretically diverse
400
What is the relationship between biological vulnerability, stress, and development of a psychological disorder?
Stress-Vulnerability models of disorders: If there is a biological (genetic) predisposition/vulnerability and if a person then experiences high levels of stress this could lead to the development of a psychological disorder So environment AND biological vulnerability play a part in development!
400
Describe AN, BN, and BED and the differences in weight of people who are diagnosed with anorexia nervosa versus bulimia nervosa versus binge eating disorder
Anorexia - intense fear of weight gain, , disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and use of dangerous measures to lose weight (more typically thought of as restriction of food). Thinking a bit more pathological, harder to get into treatment Bulimia - Binging and purging of food (vomiting, laxative use etc.). More insight than AN that their behavior is maladaptive and more open to treatment BED - Only bingeing of food, NO purging Anorexia - under weight Bulimia - Normal weight Binge eating disorder - overweight
400
Describe Client Centered Therapy and what Carl Rogers saw as: the reason people needed to go to therapy and his goal for his patient
Client-Centered therapy = an insight therapy, where therapist creates an environment where the patient feels safe and supported, therapist provides unconditional positive regard, therapist and patient are equals. Why patient comes - incongruence of self-concept due to conditional regard from others, patient feels they must be a certain way to be accepted by others Goal - for patient to accept that they don't have to please everyone else (self-acceptance and personal growth)
400
What is multicultural sensitivity? Why is it important? How can improvements be made?
Being sensitive to other cultures and how different cultural views can impact treatment It is important because mental illness impact all types of people, need to develop services for everyone Improvements: train more ethnic minority therapists, modify traditional therapies so they are more tailored to other cultures, encourage therapists to educate themselves on cultural differences
400
What is ECT? What is it used for?
ECT is electroconvulsive therapy. It is a Biomedical treatment used to treat treatment resistant DEPRESSION. ECT is performed by a medical doctor (psychiatrist), involves a small electric current being administered (for one second) that is used to produce a brief cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions (lasts a few seconds).Could lead to memory loss, found to be a safe treatment, still done today!
500
How are Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder different? Give me specifics regarding emotional, behavioral, and cognitive presentation
MDD Emotional - down sad Behavioral - tired, maybe slower movements Cognitive - negative self-evaluations, slowed thought process Bipolar - depression and manic episodes Manic Episodes Emotional - happy Behavioral - lots of energy, rapid speech Cognitive - inflated self-esteem, racing thoughts
500
Describe characteristics of these personality disorders to differentiate them: Anitsocial Personality Disorder Borederline Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Antisocial PD - Failure to accept social norms, may engage in illegal behavior, callous, aggressive, impulsive, difficult to have genuine affection for others and form relationships Borderline PD - Instability in social relationships (idealizing and devaluing), emotions (emotional ups and downs, impulsive behavior), and self-image Narcissistic PD - grandiose sense of self-importance, need for attention and admiration, can appear very confident but have fragile self-esteem
500
Describe the relationship between classical and operant conditioning and specific phobia development and maintenance.
Specific Phobia is developed by CLASSICAL conditioning. An unconditioned stimulus (lightning strike) is paired with a conditioned stimulus (driving over a bridge) to created a conditioning response of fear of bridges The fear of bridges is then maintained by operant conditioning (avoidance, the fear is reinforced by this avoidance). If exposed to the bridge the fear would not be reinforced and fear would decrease
500
What are the two neurotransmitters we discussed in class? What disorders are they involved in and what medications are used to impact them and HOW?
Serotonin and Dopamine Serotonin involved in Depression Dopamine involved in Schizophrenia SSRI's - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, these drugs keep serotonin in the synapse longer which is thought to improve mood Antipsychotics - decrease dopamine in the brain, Dopamine hypothesis is that too much dopamine is a cause for symptoms of schizophrenia
500
Match the Disorder with an appropriate treatment and tell me why
1. Major Depression 2. Bipolar Disorder 3. Autism Spectrum Disorder 4. Marriage Issues 5. Specific Phobia A. Take a mood stabilizer for ex: Lithium B. Attend a social skills group C. Attend couples therapy D. Take an SSRI for ex: Prozac E. Engage in exposure therapy
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