Chapter 13/14
The brain and spinal cord is the...
Central nervous system
The sensory relay center of the brain
Thalamus
What are the motor neurons and where do they synapse?
In terms of sympathetic or parasympathetic, which is rest and digest? Which is fight or flight?
Parasympathetic = rest and digest
Sympathetic = fight or flight
What type of receptors are able to detect body position?
Proprioceptors
Afferent is _______ and efferent is ______ (sensory or motor?)
Sensory; motor)
This gyrus is where the sensory information for olfaction goes to, giving it a close emotional tie
Cingulate gyrus
What are the sensory neurons and where do they synapse?
1st, 2nd, and 3rd order
1st and 2nd synapse at medulla
2nd and 3rd synapse in thalamus
The other names for the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems which describe where they are located on the spinal cord
Sympathetic = thoracolumbar
Parasympathetic = craniosacral
List the 4 special senses
Olfaction/smell, gustation/taste, hearing and equilibrium/balance, and vision
Where does the spinal cord end?
L1-L2
eyes; ears
What are the three motor pathways?
Corticospinal, medial, and lateral
Which cranial nerves have parasympathetic innervation?
What is the order of bones in the ear from lateral to medial?
Malleus -> incus -> stapes
Mater/meningeal layers from superficial to deep
Dura -> arachnoid -> pia
Which cranial nerves innervate the tongue?
VII, IX, X, and XII
What are the three sensory pathways?
For the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, which one has a short preganglionic and long postganglionic neurons? Which has long preganglionic but short postganglionic?
Sympathetic = short pre and long post
Parasympathetic = long pre and short post
What CN innervate the anterior 2/3 of the tongue? Posterior 1/3? Very back?
VII, IX, and X
List the 6 glial cells, if it is CNS or PNS, and their general function
PNS: Schwann (myelinate axons), satellite (gases)
List the cranial nerves (name, numeral, modality, function)
CN II Optic, Sensory, Sight
CN III Oculomotor, Motor, Moves almost all eye muscles
CN IV Trochlear, Motor, Moves superior oblique muscle of the eye
CN V Trigeminal, Both, Chewing and detects touch, temperature, and pain in face
CN VI Abducens, Motor, Moves lateral rectus muscle of the eye
CN VII Facial, Both, Facial expression
CN VIII Vestibulocochlear, Sensory, Balance/equilibrium and hearing
CN IX Glossopharyngeal, Both, Taste and swallowing/speech
CN X Vagus, Both, Parasympathetic function
CN XI Accessory, Motor, Moves neck and shoulder muscles
CN XII Hypoglossal, Motor, Tongue movement
Which of the following terms are considered conscious states and which are considered unconscious states?
Delirium, asleep, stupid, confusion, dementia, somnolence, normal consciousness, coma, and chronic vegetative state
Conscious: delirium, dementia, confusion, normal consciousness, somnolence, chronic vegetative state
Unconscious: asleep, stupid, coma
Johnny is terrified of squirrels and, whilst walking in the park, he sees one. His sympathetic nervous system starts to kick in. Tell me what will happen to his heart rate? His breathing? His digestion?
Heart rate goes up
Breathing increases
Digestion decreases
List the tunics of the eye and which structures are located in each
Fibrous - sclera and cornea
Vascular - iris, ciliary body, and choroid
Neural - retina