Moral Development
If someone believed that a child's morals develop in stages as they age, this would align with ________'s theory of moral development
Piaget
What is the difference between fear and anxiety?
Fear is in the present, while anxiety is towards the future
This category of symptoms includes symptoms someone with schizophrenia has, but a normal person does not
How many out of 9 symptoms in the DSM 5 must be present for a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder?
5
What is psychopathology?
The scientific study of psychological disorders.
What stage did Kohlberg claim most people operate in?
Conventional Morality
This anxiety disorder is often associated with agoraphobia
Panic disorder
Which type of symptoms are more stable and less responsive to drugs? (positive or negative?)
Negative
What is the difference between Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar also has episodes of mania, not just depression
How can diagnostic labels be harmful to patients?
Can affect how they are treated in a negative way, how they are seen by others (stigma), and can reduce the real understanding of the individual
A child who believes that someone who broke a jar while trying to give cookies to their friend is morally right. Which stage of development are they in according to Piaget?
Autonomous phase - recognize outcomes vs intentions
What are two possible causes of anxiety disorders?
Genetics, Brain abnormalities, Childhood maltreatment, Conditioned fear responses, or Maladaptive thoughts
What is tardive dyskinesia?
Abigail has been feeling mild symptoms of depression for over 2 years rather than periods of strong depression. What would you diagnose her with?
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Which model of clinical disorders believes that they start with a predisposition that may or may not be activated by the environment?
Diathesis-Stress model
What were flaws in Kohlberg's theory?
He only studied men, didn't have real world application, and emphasized justice too much.
Name one medical and one non-medical treatment of anxiety disorders
Medical: Benzodiazepine or Beta blocker
Non-Medical: CBT, desensitization, relaxation training, or mindfulness training
What changed in schizophrenia medications from the 1950s to 80s?
They changed from just helping the positive symptoms (dopamine), to both positive and negative symptoms (dopamine & serotonin). And less side effects
Which neurotransmitters do MAOIs act on?
Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine
What is the difference between a disorder and a syndrome?
Disorder = a significant disturbance in someone's condition or daily life
Syndrome = A specific cluster of symptoms
What differences did Carol Gilligan notice between morality in men vs in women?
Men: Worried about justice and fairness
Women: More worried about individual responsibilities and relationships with others.
For the last year, Maria has suffered from a constant state of worry concerning all sorts of things in her life. This worry interferes with her ability to live with normal functioning. Maria likely has ___________ Disorder.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
What has been found to be different in the brain structure of people with schizophrenia?
Enlarged ventricles and reduced frontal & temporal lobes
Which theory states that depression is caused by reduced neurotransmitter levels, primarily serotonin
Monoamine hypothesis
The abnormal behaviors are learned responses from past experiences.