EXAM 4 REVIEW

Native American Traditions

100

• The spirit of creation within Native American tradition that is believed to embody all things, to include people, plants, & animals, is known as

IMMANENCE

200

• The term used to describe the story telling method that Native Americans use to past down their history.   

ORAL TRADITION

300

These are used to understand the path of your life within Native American tradition and represent different aspects such as; four directions: North, South, East, & West & four stages of life: Birth, Youth, Adulthood, & Death.

MEDICINE WHEEL

400

This is used for ceremonial dancing, communication, & meditation. Based n the beating of the heart and energy vibrations that evoke healing and spiritual awareness.

DRUMMING

500

A method with Native American tradition that is seen as right of passage into adulthood. Requiring solitude in nature for self-examination with the intention of finding one’s purpose and connecting with a guardian spirit.

VISION QUEST

Indian Treaties

100

• Since the arrival of Europeans in what is known now as North America ____ treaties have been made between Native Americans and the United States government, primarily for land cessation. However, _____ treaties have also been nullified or broken when it served the United States government interests.

500

200

The Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, & the Cherokee, all remained living east of the Mississippi River. These tribes had adopted various aspects of European-American culture to include developing their own written language, adopting Christianity, publishing a newspaper, and creating a Constitution. These tribes were known as

THE 5 CIVILIZED TRIBES

300

• Who was the United States President in power at the time and responsible for the Indian Removal Act of 1830, that began removing American Indians from their ancestral land and relocating to other parts of North America.

ANDREW JACKSON

400

• The _______________________ of 1830, allowed the government to negotiate removal treaties with various tribes, removing American Indians from their ancestral lands. Many of the treaties were misleading and resulted in Natives being forced from their homes and deported to lands West of the Mississippi.

INDIAN REMOVAL ACT

500

As part of the Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up lands east of the Mississippi River & to migrate to present-day Oklahoma. This forced removal is one of the most horrific pieces of American history, thousands of Cherokee Indians died of illness, starvation, and hardship experienced on the 2,200-mile journey.

THE TRAIL OF TEARS

2nd Wave of Destruction

100

• In the 19th century the American Indian population of North American dropped from millions, prior to European colonists, to ____________.

250,000

200

The U.S. government shifted their focus to assimilation as a means of dealing with the so called "Indian Problem". In order to assimilate the American Indian, the government sent tens of thousands to

INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOLS

300

American Indians only cut their hair in times of

MOURNING

400

In order to accomplish full assimilation, the U.S. government forbid Native American children in boarding schools from

using their language, keep their names, and practice their culture

500

What was the name of the first Indian Boarding School that became the model for all schools n the 19th and 20th century.

Carlisle Indian Boarding School