Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
-taproot vs fibrous roots
-reticulate veins vs parallel veins
-flower parts in 4s and 5s vs flower parts in 3s
This tissue provides flexible support to a plant and is characterized by having uneven cell wall thickness
What is collenchyma?
A(n) ______ is where the leaf joins the stem. Each leaf has a(n) ___________ between the leaf and the stem.
node, axillary bud
They increase surface area so the plant can absorb more water
This gymnosperm is found in Namibia and only grows two leaves in its entire 1000 year lifespan.
What is Welwitschia?
What are two similarities the life cycles of angiosperms and gymnosperms share?
-pollen+seeds
-megaspores + microspores
-alternation of generations
-pollen tubes
-gametophyte independent of sporophyte
-microscopic sporophyte
This cell type is dead at maturity, has a lignified secondary cell wall, and has variable shape.
What is a sclereid?
This stem modification runs along the surface of soil and allows for asexual reproduction
stolons
Lateral roots emerge from the ________, the outermost layer of the vascular cylinder.
Pericycle
What does it mean when two genes are antagonistic?
One is fully expressed when the other is not present
Which phylum of gymnosperms did we discuss that has only one member?
Gingko!
This cell type is alive at maturity, long, and has plates on either end with pores.
What is a sieve-tube element?
This term describes when multiple leaflets coming from the petiole with no axillary buds
What is a compound leaf?
This route of absorption involves movement through the cytoplasm and and plasmodesmata.
What is the symplastic route?
This cell type is long and thin and connected via pits.
What are tracheids?
Hummingbird
All ground tissue begins development as which tissue type?
Parenchyma
What are the five leaf modifications we discussed in class?
bracts, storage leaves, reproductive leaves, spines, and tendrils
What are the three main functions of roots?
-absorbing water and minerals
-anchoring plant
-storing organic nutrients
Draw a picture depicting an apical bud and an axillary bud.
Give one unique trait of the life cycles of each of the following: angiosperms, gymnosperms, bryophytes, and ferns.
angiosperms: double fertilization
gymnosperms: a year b/t pollination and fertilization
ferns: independent sporophyte and gametophyte
bryophytes: gametophyte dominant
Which cell type is found only in angiosperms? Which is found in seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms?
Vessel elements, tracheids
What tissue type is found on the top of leaves? How about the bottom? Why is this?
palisade parenchyma--top for photosynthesis, spongy mesophyll--bottom for gas exchange, and to reduce water loss
You would find this type of root modification in places with shallow soil.
The dermal tissue system arises from _______. The ground tissue system arises from ________. The vascular tissue system arises from _______.
protoderm, ground meristem, procambium