Memory
________ refers to the retention of information or experience over time.
A) Learning
B) Memory
C) Priming
D) Amnesia
B) Memory
Which of the following involves memory for skills?
A) semantic memory
B) working memory
C) procedural memory
D) schema
C) procedural memory
Organisms learn the association between a behavior and a consequence in
A) classical conditioning.
B) operant conditioning.
C) latent learning.
D) discovery learning.
B) operant conditioning.
In the Water Kingdom Amusement Park, when two sea lions throw and catch balls on their nose, they are rewarded with fish after they successfully complete the act. The sea lions have been trained to perform this behavior through
A) shaping
B) generalization
C) contiguity
D) extinction
A) shaping
How long does information last in sensory memory?
A) 1–2 seconds
B) 30–60 seconds
C) 2–3 minutes
D) 5 minutes
A) 1–2 seconds
________ is the activation of information that people already have in storage to help them remember new information better and faster.
A) Priming
B) Procedural memory
C) Classical conditioning
D) Skill memory
A) Priming
Which of the following statements is true of observational learning?
A) It occurs when people make an association between two events.
B) It rarely relies on mental processes.
C) It takes place when a person notices and imitates another's behavior.
D) It is unlikely to be used in educational settings.
C) It takes place when a person notices and imitates another's behavior.
Thorndike's law of effect is important because
A) it focuses on the fact that continuous reinforcement characterizes most life experiences.
B) it believes that operant conditioning is much better than classical conditioning in explaining unlearned, involuntary responses.
C) it assumes that contingency plays an insignificant role in operant conditioning.
D) it presents the basic idea that the consequences of a behavior influence the likelihood of that behavior's recurrence.
D) it presents the basic idea that the consequences of a behavior influence the likelihood of that behavior's recurrence.
When asked to memorize the 15 letters, C I A C B S A B C F B I I R S, Mary reorganizes them into CIA, CBS, ABC, FBI, and IRS. Mary used the tactic of
A) mental structuring.
B) visual structuring.
C) chunking.
D) cueing.
C) chunking.
Which of the following occurs when material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later?
A) retroactive interference
B) proactive interference
C) transference
D) motivated forgetting
B) proactive interference
________ is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an innately meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response.
A) Operant conditioning
B) Classical conditioning
C) Latent learning
D) Observational learning
B) Classical conditioning
______ in classical conditioning is the weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent.
A) Generalization
B) Discrimination
C) Extinction
D) Latent learning
C) Extinction
________ has to do with remembering who, what, where, when, and why. ________ has to do with remembering how.
A) Semantic memory; Episodic memory
B) Episodic memory; Semantic memory
C) Implicit memory; Explicit memory
D) Explicit memory; Implicit memory
D) Explicit memory; Implicit memory
________ is a situation in which material that was learned later disrupts the retrieval of information that was learned earlier.
A) Retroactive interference
B) Motivated forgetting
C) Transience
D) Proactive interference
A) Retroactive interference
In classical conditioning, the ________ is unlearned, but the ________ is learned.
A) unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
B) unconditioned response; conditioned response
C) conditioned response; conditioned stimulus
D) conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
B) unconditioned response; conditioned response
Spanking is a form of ________; time-out is a form of ________.
A) negative punishment; positive punishment
B) positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
C) positive punishment; negative punishment
D) negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement
C) positive punishment; negative punishment
Your knowledge of the alphabet and multiplication tables is most likely to be stored in your ________ memory.
A) episodic
B) semantic
C) autobiographical
D) implicit
B) semantic
A person suffering from retrograde amnesia will
A) lose past memories and the retention of new memories will be severely impacted.
B) lose past memories and the ability to acquire new memories will remain unaffected.
C) recall past memories but not be able to make new ones.
D) lose some past memories but have only the sporadic ability to make new memories.
B) lose past memories and the ability to acquire new memories will remain unaffected.
______ in classical conditioning is the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response.
A) Generalization
B) Discrimination
C) Extinction
D) Latent learning
A) Generalization.
Samuel, a line worker in a factory, is required to produce 50 units to be paid $10. In the context of the schedules of reinforcement, this scenario most likely exemplifies a
A) fixed-interval schedule.
B) variable-ratio schedule.
C) variable-interval schedule.
D) fixed-ratio schedule.
D) fixed-ratio schedule.