Environmental health
Name the 3 routes of entry that hazardous substances can enter the body
Ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption
Describe the difference between health promotion, health protection/risk reduction. Give an example of each one.
Health promotion-enabling people to increase control over & to improve their health. Example- education about weight loss, healthy diet, etc.
Health protection/risk reduction- protect the individual from disease by reducing risk & focuses on behavioral change. Example - using condom to prevent STI, vaccination outreach program, fire hazard education classes
Urban _________ are the largest metropolitan areas and form when cities integrate. They can even cross international borders. An example is San Diego-Tijuana
Agglomerations
A nurse working at a family practice clinic completes blood work on a 8 year old patient. Results show a BLL of 5 ug/dl. Is this level low, normal, or elevated?
Elevated
True or false: An ergonomist finds ways to alter the worker’s body to fit the job
False
_____ is one of the most widely used community assessments for environmental health
PACE EH- Protocol for Assessing Community Excellence in Environmental Health
The opioid epidemic is a public health issue that has devastating effects on the community. In 2017, the federal government was able to bring criminal charges against a pharmaceutical company for misleadingly advertising _______ as safer and less addictive than other opioids.
OxyContin
This term means to “promote and develop alliances among organization or constituencies for a common purpose”
a. Community organizing
b. Coalition building
c. Empowerment
d. Community partnership
e. Organizational networking
b. Coalition building
What are the 4 most common food allergens for school-aged children?
a. peanuts, pine nuts, cashews, shellfish
b. milk, shellfish, peanuts, and tree nuts
c. pine nuts, sesame, vegetable oil, and milk
d. soy, wheat, gluten, and tree nuts
b. milk, shellfish, peanuts, and tree nuts
If you have more than ___ employees, the OSH Act requires businesses to keep record of all fatalities, injuries, and illnesses on the OSHA 300 form
10
The CDC created a model to depict the aspects associated with climate change. What were the aspects noted in this model? Select all that apply.
a. Rising temperatures
b. Rising sea levels
c. Enlarged ozone layer
d. Increase in # of extreme weather events
e. Increase in Co2 levels
f. Increase in air pollution
a. Rising temperatures
b. Rising sea levels
d. Increase in # of extreme weather events
e. Increase in Co2 levels
Secondary levels of prevention include screenings. At what age should colorectal screening start for women and men?
50 years old
You are a public health nurse assessing an area to start her nutritional health program. The area’s residential population is 49,999 people. What do you describe this are as?
a. Urban agglomeration
b. Urban cluster
c. Urbanized area
d. Rural
b. Urban cluster
A densely developed territory that contains a minimum residential population of 2,500 people but fewer than 50,000.
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) of 1975 is a law that provides federal funding to states for the provision of free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment. Explain the purpose of least restrictive environment and what group it’s meant to serve.
Least restrictive environment is meant to provide disabled students w/ the opportunity to be educated with their nondisabled peers.
What is true of case management? Select all that apply
a. It is cost effective
b. Case managers work with people like the rehabilitation specialists, and family members to coordinate care
c. They provide services such as arranging transport
d. They can help with ordering of durable medical equipment
e. It can be expensive for the patient and family
a. It is cost effective
b. Case managers work with people like the rehabilitation specialists, and family members to coordinate care
c. They provide services such as arranging transport
d. They can help with ordering of durable medical equipment
Chap. 6 describes 3 places outdoor air contaminants can originate from: point source, mobile source, and area source. give an example of each one.
Point source- chemical plants, power plants, refineries, and incinerators
Area source- gas stations, dry cleaners, commercial heating/cooling systems, railways & waste disposal facilities
Mobile source- cars and trucks on the road
The features of the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) include: *select all that apply
a. Patient-centered
b. Integrated
c. Comprehensive
d. Coordinated
e. Accessible
f. Committed to quality & safety
a. Patient-centered
c. Comprehensive
d. Coordinated
e. Accessible
f. Committed to quality & safety
There is an unequal distribution of healthcare providers in the US. Give 2 explanations to why providers do not want to work in rural areas.
Providers stay in urban areas after completing their education
Providers are attracted by the well-resourced health-care centers in urban areas
There are more cultural & recreational opportunities in urban areas
There is better housing in urban areas
There are better work opportunities for their family members in urban areas
There is a perceived higher quality of life for family members in urban areas
Who is considered the first school nurse in the US? Why were nurses brought into help schools and the City Board of Education?
Lina Struthers. Nurses were brought into help schools in NY due to the high number of student absenteeism and medical exclusions.
What are the 2 benefits of the employee assistance program (EAP) as described in Chapter 20?
It allows employees to discuss work, financial, or social issues in a confidential setting
The program can help refer workers for further evaluation and treatment by a licensed therapist
Describe the 4 steps of the exposure risk assessment. Explain each step!
1. Hazard identification- is it chemical, physical, biological, or psychosocial
2. Dose-response assessment- looking for correlation between increase in harmful effects and increase in quantity of a substance
3. Exposure assessment- consideration of the level, timing, and extent of the exposure
4. Risk characterization- bringing all the information from steps 1-3 to guide judgement about the risk of health problems to those exposed
List and explain the 3 types of public primary care settings that were described in Chapter 15
Health clinics- run by health departments
Federally qualified health center- provide healthcare to underserved populations on sliding scale and receive grants. Also receive reimbursement from Medicaid & Medicare
Free health clinic- not directly supported by public funds & depend heavily on volunteer workforce
Parish nursing is a specialty field in nursing. Describe 2 activities of parish nurses
Health promotion, health education, and personal health counseling for congregation
Monitoring & screening for health problems
Advocacy for individuals & groups
Collaboration w/ church & organizations outside church
Congregational health assessment of the faith community followed by analysis & program implementation
Spiritual care through shared faith beliefs (grief counseling and at-risk substance use)
One of the roles of the school nurse is to perform outreach to immigrant populations. The book listed various interventions related to outreach that the school nurse can do. What are 2 interventions?
Develop a welcome orientation for the students
Develop student support teams
Facilitate the integration of the students into after-school activities
Serve as an overall advocate for the families
Occupational health providers use a process called hierarchy of controls to control workplace hazards. List the 5 levels of control in order and give an example of each one.
Elimination or substitution- ex. eliminating the use of a hazardous substance and substituting it with another substance that is not as hazardous (replace benzene with toluene)
Engineering controls- isolation of a hazard such as mixing hazardous medications in a under a ventilation hood
Warning- warning signs placed in high risk areas
Administrative controls- job rotation, keeping hygienic work practices, training/educating workers
PPE- masks, gloves, gowns, hearing protection