Spinal Cord and Spinal nerves
Round 1
Round 1
The dorsal surface of the spinal cord bears this shallow longitudinal groove
Posterior Median Sulcus
Tracts that carry sensory information to the brain
Ascending tracts
This thin, medial partition separates the pair of lateral ventricles
Septum Pellucidum
Supporting cells of the neural tissue
Neuroglial or glial cells
These neurons may be situated between sensory and motor neurons
Interneuron or association neurons
Short preganglionic fibers are characteristic of this division
Sympathetic
Name the two major subdivisions of the ANS
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
The segment of the spinal cord containing the cell bodies of sensory neurons
Dorsal Root ganglion
A deep crease along the ventral surface of the spinal cord
Anterior median fissure
Fluid-filled cavities within the brain
Ventricles
This neural division of the PNS begins at receptors, carrying sensory information to the CNS
Afferent division
Name three functions of astrocytes
Maintaining the blood-brain barrier, creating a three-dimensional framework for the CNS, performing repairs in damaged neural tissue, guiding neuron development, controlling the interstitial environment
Another name for the sympathetic division
Thoracolumbar division
Rods provides what kinds of vision
Cones provides what kind of vision
Black and white in dim light
Color vision in bright light
The lateral cord of the brachial plexus serves this nerve exclusively
Musculocutaneous nerve
This portion of the brain is responsible for monitoring proprioceptive (position) sensations, visual information from the eyes, and vestibular (balance) sensations from the inner ear as movements
Cerebellum
The sensory portion of this mixed nerve originates on the posterior one-third of the tongue
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Processing centers in this region coordinate complex sympathetic and parasympathetic reflexes
Medulla Oblongata
The most complex brain area, it has extensive connections with other cortical areas and with other portions of the brain, such as the limbic system. It performs complicated learning and reasoning functions
Prefrontal cortex
Differences between exteroceptors, interoceptors, and proprioceptors
Sensitive to stimuli outside the body
Monitors conditions inside the body
Monitors body position
Which special sense has the most connection with the limbic system.
Olfaction
This horn contains the somatic and visceral sensory nuclei
Posterior gray horn
Name the three meningeal layers from superficial to deep
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater
This motor nerve’s primary function is eye movement, it originates in the mesencephalon, passes through the superior oblique fissure of the sphenoid, and innervates the superior oblique muscle
Trochlear nerve
The spread of information from one neuron to several neurons, or from one pool to multiple pools
Divergence
Short postganglionic fibers are characteristic of this division
Parasympathetic
List 4 functions of the parasympathetic systems
List 4 functions of the sympathetic systems
Rest and digest, relaxation, food processing, energy absorption, constriction of pupils, sexual arousal, reduction in heart rate, contraction of urinary bladder.
Increased alertness, a feeling of energy and euphoria, increased heart rate and respiratory rate, and general elevation in muscle tone.
Five primary tastes
The sense of taste is served by what cranial nerves?
Salty, bitter, sweet, sour and umami
Cranial nerves VII, IX, and X
Name the four major nerve plexuses
Name the five branches of the facial nerve
Cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral
Temporal, Zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
Name the six major divisions of the adult brain
Cerebrum, mesencephalon, diencephalon, pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata
The primary function of this cranial nerve is motor for tongue movement. It originates on the medulla oblongata and passes through the occipital bone on its way to the muscles of the tongue
Hypoglossal nerve
Common, age-related anatomical changes in the nervous system include
A reduction in brain size and weight; reduction in the number of neurons; decrease in blood flow to the brain; changes in synaptic organization of the brain; intracellular and extracellular changes in CNS neurons
What receptors do they all respond to what stimuli
Chemoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Nociceptors
Blood and chemicals in solution
Touch, pressure, stretch, and vibrations
Temperature
Light
Pain
The fibrous tunic consists of what two structures?
The vascular tunic consists of what three structures?
The neural tunic consists of what two structures
Sclera, cornea
Choroid, ciliary body, and iris
Retina and optic nerve
Components of the
External ear, middle ear, and inner ear.
External ear- Auricle or pinna, external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane
Middle ear- Tympanic cavity, Auditory ossicles (Malleus, incus, stapes), pharyngotympanic (Auditory or Eustachian tube)
Inner ear- Semicircular canals, cochlea, scala vestibuli, scala tympani, and cristae ampularis.