Inflammation
How often should a colostomy bag be changed?
The purpose/mechanism of docusate (Colace)
What is a stool softener
The acronym used to describe clinical manifestations.
TRAP- Tremors, Rigidity, Akinesia (Bradykinesia), Postural Instability
In what type of fracture is bone exposed and soft injury occurs?
What is open fracture
Cause of MS?
Autoimmune- demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord
What diagnostic exam is used to confirm IBD
What is a colonoscopy
What types of medications used frequently in the hospital contribute to constipation?
Opioid Analgesics
tramadol, oxycodone (OxyContin), hydrocodone (Vicodin), morphine, hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
Medication that enhances the pharmacokinetic and clinical response to Sinemet
What is Entacapone
Explain compartment syndrome
swelling increases pressure within a limited space, compromising the function of blood vessels and nerves
What is the first line of treatment for MS? Cure?
Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs)
Modifiable risk factors that contribute to peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
What is smoking, alcohol consumption, use of NSAIDs and other medications, diet, stress
A patient with constipation has a fecal impaction and is incontinent of liquid stool. Which action should the nurse take first?
Manually remove the impacted stool
Mechanism of action of carbidopa/levidopa (Sinemet)
Chemical precursor of dopamine. Crosses blood-brain barrier to be converted to dopamine (in the basal ganglia)
Veins of lower extremities and pelvis
What is important for the nurse to include when teaching the client about a new prescription for Beta-1a (Interferon)?
Self-injection technique
Clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis
What is fever, N/V, flank pain, malaise
May include s/s of lower UTI as well
A common cause of urinary retention in men?
Bladder outlet obstruction (enlarged prostate)
Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's Disease
Clinical diagnosis requires presence of 2/4 main manifestations and asymmetrical onset
Disease then confirmed with positive response to antiparkinsonian drugs (levodopa or DA agonist)
The first line of treatment for OA?
NSAIDs
The cause of MS?
Primary problem is autoimmune process driven by activated T cells after environmental exposure to a viral infection
Name the medication used in triple therapy for H Pylori
What is Clarithromycin, PPI, and Amoxicillin or Metronidazole (Flagyl)
If a patient presents to the hospital with symptoms of a UTI, what is the primary diagnostic the nurse should anticipate?
Collect UA
Teaching topics for Parkinson's patient (name at least 3)
Nutrition Therapy- 6 small meals per day, adequate fiber
Safety- minimize fall risks (remove area rugs, avoid stairs/uneven surfaces), shoes for support
Use of assistive device, regular exercise per tolerance
Medication compliance
Self-catheterization
Modifications for home environment in patients with OA
Remove throw rugs, rails needed for stairs and bathtub, night-lights, elevated toilet seats, use assistive devices
Common diagnostic studies used to diagnose MS
No one specific diagnostic test for MS
H & P, CSF analysis, CT scan, MRI, Evoked potential testing