Indian Nationalism
Who emerges as a leader after India receives its independence?
Nehru.
What did the group known as the Boxers believe was the cause of China’s problems?
Foreign invaders and influence, like Christian missionaries.
“Capitalist Roaders” are?
People who were headed towards Capitalism (on the road to capitalism).
What did Brown v. Board of Education establish?
U.S. Supreme Court ruling that recognized that all schools be desegregated as it was not equal. The timeline was vague and it was said "with all do speed" which allowed localities to drag their feet. For some places, it took 20 years. The decision did not end segregation.
Who is largely credited with helping create the field of black history and Pan-Africanism?
W. E. B. Du Bois.
What was the Amritsar Massacre?
About 10,000 were peacefully protesting the British who had put several movement leaders in jail.
The British block the only exit, and fired guns into the crowd, killing about 380 and injuring over 1200.
This is the tipping point for Ghandi's movement.
Who becomes the primary spokesman of the Chinese nationalist movement and revolution?
He is known as the father of _______ ?
Dr. Sun Yat-Sen
: the Republic of China.
What was the Great Leap Forward? (give details)
China’s industrialization period.
Key thing was steel production, it was considered the benchmark for all industrial productivity, because you can make anything else out of steel.
However, there is very little internal expertise about this. And to make steel you needed steel. Mao believed rural workers can relearn their work habits and industrialize China.
Everybody now had these backyard furnaces to produce a little bit of steel everyday, after they worked in the fields all day.
What did Plessy v. Ferguson establish?
U.S. Supreme Court decision ruling that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".
Who was the central figure of the Ghanese independence movement from the British?
Kwame Nkrumah.
What was the Salt March?
In 1930, Ghandi organized 50,000 people to peacefully march to the sea and process ocean water to make salt.
This was in protest to the British salt monopoly.
What two major events occur in the year 1949?
1. China falls to communism.
2. The Soviets develop a nuclear bomb.
What was the Cultural Revolution?
Led by Mao until his death, the goal was to preserve Chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society.
What did these acts do?
1. Civil Rights Act of 1964
2. Voting Rights Act of 1965
1. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Outlaws segregation in terms of public accommodations, if states fail to abide, then they loose federal funding.
Eliminates the worst abuses of Jim Crow.
2. Voting Rights Act of 1965
Really guarantees the rights particularly of African Americans to vote.
If certain states (specifically Southern states) wanted to change their voting laws, later on, they had to get federal approval.
What was the ripple effect in Ghana?
Ghana was an inspiration to a lot of people in Africa.
Now other African countries want their independence.
In 1960, Nigeria gets their independence, and other colonies soon follow.
What was the Rowlatt Act of 1919?
If an Indian commits a political crime against the British, there will be no trial.
Which rebellion was the first display of Chinese nationalism? Who led it?
The Taiping Rebellion which was led by Hong Xiuquan.
What was Mao’s 1957 policy called? What did it do?
“Let a Thousand Flowers Bloom."
Mao wanted to address China’s problems, so he decided to get feedback from the people.
Opened the floor to suggestions, and it quickly turned ugly.
People exposed themselves as enemies of the state.
Now people were even more angry, felt like they had been set up by the government.
Where did a famous sit-in occur? What happened?
This happened in Greensboro, North Carolina at a lunch counter that refused to serve the black students who arrived so they refused to leave until served. A lot of people went and poured things on the protestors, who could not react. These images go all over the world.
Who is known for creating the “Back to Africa” movement? What was it exactly?
Marcus Garvey.
Believed that black Americans should liberate themselves from white Americans. He said that black Americans only hope would be to leave America and go back to Africa.
This became known as the “Back to Africa” movement.
What was Ghandi’s idea of “Soul Force”?
Social change through love, peacefulness, and enduring violence from the oppressors.
Believes it will change minds.
Idea behind non-violence and civil disobedience.
Explain Mao’s big contribution to the communist theory.
Mao’s big contribution to communist theory was that you don’t need to be an industrialized country to become a communist country.
Vanguard can take agrarian people and bring communism to rural areas in China.
Who takes over after Mao in 1978? What were some of his famous economic reforms?
Deng Xiaoping.
He ended collective farming and initiated capitalist reforms.
He allowed for small stores and local businesses to open and run for profit. Large scale industry was run by the state but small scale industry was now in private hands. They allowed private citizens to buy stock. Under Deng. the Chinese allow foreign companies to build in their country. American companies eagerly take up this offer due to labor costs and no labor unions. This was a big turning point.
Why was Rosa Parks chosen to be “the one”?
She had a good reputation and a certain look (looked nice and well dressed). A few months before, Claudette Colvin was kicked off of a bus but she was not helped because she was 15 and pregnant outside of wedlock. Mrs. Parks was picked because of her image and reputation. The NAACP were hoping to draw out sympathy.
Why was Patrice Lumumba disliked by America and other western nations?
He was a leftist and socialist.
Wanted to make the Congo economically independent which was bad for countries like America who use the Congo for its natural resources.