DNA Replication
What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?
It "unzips" the DNA by breaking its hydrogen bonds.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
A genotype consists of the alleles an individual has inherited for a certain gene.
A phenotype is the observable expression of those genes.
Where does transcription occur?
In the cell's nucleus
Is DNA positively or negatively charged?
Negatively charged
What are origins?
The places on a DNA strand where replication starts.
What is incomplete dominance?
When both the dominant and recessive alleles are being expressed at the same time.
What is the role of the cap and tail on mRNA?
They allow the mRNA to leave the cell's nucleus safely.
What causes the DNA to run through the gel in electrophoresis?
The electrical current
DNA loses base pairs each time it replicates. What protects the DNA from losing important information?
Telomeres
If someone is a carrier of a recessive disorder, what kind of genotype will they have?
Heterozygous (Aa)
Which process comes first, Transcription or Translation?
Transcription
After being run through the gel, the band pattern of some DNA looks abnormal. What does this tell us about the alleles?
There are mutant allele.
Stem cells have active telomerase. What does mean?
The telomeres on the cells' chromosomes are elongated so that they can have unlimited replication!
One parent plant is homozygous for large leaves (LL). The other parent plant is homozygous for small leaves (ll). What is the probability that their offspring will have large leaves?
100%
What does RNA polymerase do ?
It adds RNA nucleotides using DNA as a template.
Will a large molecule run faster or slower through the gel in electrophoresis?
Slower
Which enzyme adds the new nucleotide base pairs to the DNA during replication?
DNA Polymerase III
What is epistasis? Give an example.
A separate gene influences the expression of another. (think lab coat color)
DNA strands are separated in the process of polymerase chain reaction. True or false?
True
How is gel electrophoresis used in criminal justice?
It is used for "DNA fingerprinting"