Cellular Respiration I
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?
a. glucose
b. pyruvate
c. oxygen
d. water
c. oxygen
Most CO2 from catabolism is released during
a. electron transport.
b. lactate fermentation.
c. the citric acid cycle.
d. oxidative phosphorylation.
c. the citric acid cycle.
Which step can be used in both cellular respiration and fermentation?
a. Glycolysis
b. Pyruvate oxidation
c. Kreb's Cycle
d. Electron Transport Chain
a. Glycolysis
TRUE OR FALSE.
Homologous chromosomes contain the same genes but are inherited from different parents.
TRUE
Crossing over begins to occur during:
a. prophase I
b. prophase II
c. metaphase I
d. metaphase II
a. prophase I
**Independent assortment occurs during metaphase I
What is the purpose of fermentation reactions?
a) to regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue
b) to make alcohol or lactic acid that cells can metabolize for energy under anaerobic conditions
c) to make additional ATP when respiration can’t make ATP fast enough
d) to slow down cellular oxygen consumption when oxygen is scarce
e) to make organic molecules that cells can store until oxygen becomes available
a) to regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue
The equation for cellular respiration is as follows:
C6H1206 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY.
Which molecule is oxidized?
C6H1206
Which of the following cannot be used as a fuel source for cellular respiration?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Nucleic acids
d. Proteins
c. Nucleic acids
Which of the following is not a way bacterial cells can achieve genetic diversity?
a. conjugation
b. binary fission
c. transduction
d. transformation
b. binary fission
TRUE OR FALSE.
Sister chromatids contain the same genes but are inherited from different parents.
False.
Homologous chromosomes.
Which of the following provides the energy required for chemiosmosis to occur?
a. Pyruvate oxidation
b. TCA Cycle
c. Electron Transport Chain
d. Chemiosmosis
c. Electron Transport Chain
Cellular respiration can best be described as. . .
a) using energy released from breaking high-energy covalent bonds in organic molecules to force ATP formation from ADP and phosphate.
b) taking electrons from food and giving them to phosphate to make ATP.
c) taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water, using the energy released to drive ATP formation.
d) converting higher-energy organic molecules to lower-energy organic molecules and using the energy released to drive ATP formation.
c) taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water, using the energy released to drive ATP formation.
In lactic acid fermentation, _______ is reduced to form lactic acid.
a. glucose
b. pyruvate
c. oxygen
d. water
b. pyruvate
In the gametogenesis of egg cells...
a. four egg cells are produced
b. occurs in the testes
c. creates one polar body
d. occurs once a month
d. occurs once a month
Occurs when chromosomes are improperly separated during Meiosis I or Meiosis II.
a. crossing over
b. independent assortment
c. nondisjunction
d. fertilization
c. nondisjunction
Which statement about pyruvate is false?
a. it contains three carbons
b. it enters the link reaction
c. it is the end product of glycolysis
d. it is a protein
e. it is a precursor of acetyl-Coa
d. it is a protein
In the citric acid cycle, oxidative steps are coupled to:
a. oxidative phosphorylation
b. oxidation of electron carriers
c. reduction of electron carriers
d. hydrolysis of ATP
c. reduction of electron carriers
What do cells require to sustain high rates of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?
a) functioning mitochondria
b) oxygen
c) oxidative phosphorylation of ATP
d) NAD+
e) all of the above
d) NAD+
Which phase of MITOSIS do sister chromatids become chromosomes?
a. prophase
b. prometaphase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
e. telophase
d. anaphase
Which of the following stages of mitosis is incorrectly paired?
a. PROPHASE - DNA is replicated
b. METAPHASE - chromosomes line up along the imaginary equatorial plane
c. ANAPHASE - sister chromatids separate and become chromosomes
d. TELOPHASE - the nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes
a. PROPHASE - DNA is replicated
The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the
a. flow of electrons down the electron transport chain.
b. H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase.
c. affinity of oxygen for electrons.
d. oxidation of glucose and other organic compounds.
b. H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase.
Which statement about glycolysis is true?
a. it uses an electrochemical gradient
b. it produces CO2
c. it makes the most ATP compared to the other steps in aerobic cellular respiration
d. it occurs in the cytosol
d. it occurs in the cytosol
The formation of ethanol from pyruvate is an example of:
a. aerobic cellular respiration
b. anaerobic cellular respiration
c. a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen
d. an extra source of energy as the result of glycolysis
c. a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen
A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. ____ daughter cells are produced, each with ___ chromosomes.
2; 10
Why does sexual reproduction (via meiosis) have an advantage over asexual reproduction (via mitosis)?
a) Meiosis is more efficient at producing offspring.
b) Meiosis allows two parents to invest resources in offspring.
c) Meiosis allows for more competition.
d) Meiosis increases genetic variation among offspring.
d) Meiosis increases genetic variation among offspring.