Chapter 13: Industrial-Organizational Psychology
Explain the Hawthorne Effect
Increase in performance of individuals who are noticed, watched, and paid attention to by researchers or supervisors
Explain the difference between Stress and Stressors
Stress (response): process whereby an individual perceives and responds to events that one appraises as overwhelming or threatening to one’s well-being
Stressors (stimuli): environmental events that may be judged as threatening or demanding; stimuli that initiate the stress process
What is the DSM?
What was the purpose of Trephining?
Release spirits through the skull in response to perceived mental illness
What is the happiest country?
(Bonus: Where does the U.S. rank?)
Finland
(24th)
Define Team Halo Effect
Teams are given credit for their successes, but individuals within a team are blamed for team failures
Explain Primary vs. Secondary Appraisal
Primary: judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail
Secondary: judgment of options available to cope with a stressor and their potential effectiveness
What model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress?
Diathesis-Stress Model
Which therapy involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders?
Biomedical Therapy
What is the difference between Multiple Personality Disorder and Dissociative Identity Disorder?
Former is an older name for the latter
Name at least 2 types of Violence and/or Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
Quid Pro Quo
Hostile Work Environment
Verbal Violence
Physical Violence
Why is Eustress considered "good" stress?
Provides a certain level of arousal that allows one to push their limits and feel accomplished, but it is not to the level of distress that has generally negative correlations.
What is the most common type of hallucination?
Auditory
What is the difference between Nondirective Play Therapy and Directive Play Therapy?
Nondirective: children are encouraged to work through problems by playing freely while therapist observes.
Directive: therapist provides structure/guidance by suggesting topics, asking questions, and playing with the child.
Who is Weber State's I-O professor?
Dr. Jordyn Leslie
Name a job in which employers may not consider job satisfaction very important and why
Jobs with lower skill requirements/greater rates of employee turnover
(E.g. summer jobs & fast food)
Selye’s general adaptation syndrome outlines three stages of stress resistance: Alarm Reaction, Resistance, Exhaustion
What does this mean?
We experience an initial Alarm Reaction to stress (fight or flight), then our bodies adapt and become resistant to stress. After an extended period of time exposed to the stressor, this resistance weakens, leading to exhaustion.
Explain the difference between obsessions and compulsions
Obsessions: intrusive and unwanted thoughts and urges
Compulsions: repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to the unwanted thoughts and urges
Name and describe 2 techniques of Psychoanalysis
Free association – patient relaxes and then says whatever comes to mind at the moment.
Dream analysis – therapist interprets the underlying meaning of dreams.
Transference – patient transfers all the positive or negative emotions associated with their other relationships to the psychoanalyst.
Psychodynamic psychotherapy - Talk therapy based on belief that the unconscious and childhood conflicts impact behavior.
What is Human Factors Psychology called in Europe?
Ergonomics
Name 5 stressors that may contribute to Job Stress
Having to fill multiple roles, Workplace role ambiguity, Lack of career progress, Lack of job security, Lack of control over work outcomes, Isolation, Work overload, Discrimination, Harassment, Bullying
Name and explain 2 coping styles for regulating stress
Problem Focus: Identify problem and think of solutions to solve it
Emotion Focused: Not fixing the problem, but soothing yourself emotionally in some other way
What disorder has the same symptoms as Antisocial Personality Disorder, but is diagnosed differently for minors?
Oppositional defiant disorder/Conduct Disorder
What is one cognitive distortion that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy may seek to expose?
Overgeneralizing – taking a small situation and making it huge.
Polarized (“black & white”) thinking – Seeing things in absolutes, ”I am either perfect, or a failure”. (Common in depression).
Jumping to conclusions – assuming that people are thinking negatively about you or reacting negatively to you, without evidence.
When is Exam 4 due? How many points is it worth?
April 23 (Wednesday)
10,000