Ch. 24
What is the pathway of urine flow starting in the collecting tubule and ending in the ureter?
Collecting tubule -> collecting duct -> papillary duct -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter
What happens to cells during hypotonic hydration
The cells swell
What cells secrete testosterone?
Leydig cells
What is an infection of the bladder?
Cystitis
What are the two types of nephrons and where are they located?
Cortical nephrons- almost entirely in the cortex
Juxtamedullary nephrons- next to the medulla
Where is filtration occurring AND what is filtration driven by?
Filtration is the movement of substances from the blood within the glomerulus and into the capsular space, and filtration is driven by blood pressure
What is the major hormone regulating water loss?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What occurs in prophase 1 (meiosis)?
Crossing over where genetic material is swapped between homologous chromosomes
Endometriosis
What do diuretics do?
What happens if the GFR is too high?
There is not enough time for reabsorption which leads to more water, salt and nutrients in the urine, can lead to dehydration
What does acidosis and alkalosis mean?
Acidosis- blood pH below 7.35
Alkalosis- blood pH above 7.45
What structure secretes alkaline mucous into spongy urethra?
Bulbourethral or cowpers gland
What is the displacement or dropping of the kidneys?
Nephrotosis
What is the study of male and female urinary system, along with the male reproductive system?
Urology
What is the ascending limb and descending limb permeable to?
Ascending limb is only permeable to solutes like NaCl and descending limb is only permeable to water
What does respiratory acidosis indicate?
High PCO2, meaning inadequate exhalation of CO2
What is the ruptured follicle that produces progesterone, estrogen, relxain and inhibin?
Corpus luteum
What is it called when the vas deferens is cut and tied? (sperm production continues but sperm degenerate)
Vasectomy
What is pain associated with menstration
Dysmenorrhea
What are the two types of renal autoregulation?
Myogenic mechanism
Tubuloglomerular mechanism
What prevents drastic changes in body fluid pH?
Buffer systems
What is day 6-13 of a 28 day cycle called? (Estrogen and inhibin of dominant follicle decrease FSH causing other follicles to stop growing)
Preovulatory phase
What is it called when a fertilized oocyte implants in a location other then the uterine endometrium?
Ectopic or tubal pregnancy
What type of hysterectomy removes the uterus and the cervix?
Total hysterectomy