Cranial Nerves
The sternocleidomastoid is innervated by what cranial nerve? (name and roman numeral)
Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)
Where does the spinal cord end in adults, children, and infants?
L1 in adults, L2 in children, L3 in infants
You are looking at a picture that has a valve with two cusps. You also see chordae tendonae and papillary muscles. What valve are you looking at?
Bicuspid/mitral/left atrioventricular valve
What is the lumen?
The inside canal of an artery or vein
Describe what drains into the left and right lympatic ducts
Right: R subclavian vein, R side of face, R arm, R thoracic
Left: L subclavian vein, entire L side, R leg and abdomen
Name the three branches of the trigeminal nerve
Ophthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular
What nerve is affected in individuals with Carpal Tunnel?
Median nerve
What 3 places does the right atrium get its blood from?
Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Coronary Sinus
What are the three laters of arteries/veins?
(Deep) Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa (Superficial)
Describe lymphedema vs elephantiasis
lymphedema: blockage of a lymph vessel, swelling of infected area
elephantiasis: severe lymphedema
Right nasal and left temporal
What muscles does the radial nerve innervate?
Triceps Brachii, numerous muscles in the antebrachium (elbow and wrist extensors)
What are the three "stops" going through the aorta?
1. Brachiocephalic trunk (which branches in to right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery)
2. Left common carotid artery
3. Left subclavian artery
What structure in a fetus allows blood to bypass the lungs by flowing directly from the right atrium to the left atrium?
Foramen ovale
Where do B and T Lymphocytes mature? What are their functions?
B: mature in bone marrow, produce antibodies
T: mature in thymus, attack antigen without antibodies
What three cranial nerves are tested in the H vision test?
III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), and VI (abducens)
Name the muscles that the axillary nerve and musculocutaneous nerve innervate.
Axillary: teres minor and deltoid
Musculocutaneous: biceps brachii (and several others)
Name the 5 steps of the electrical conduction system in the heart
1. Sinoatrial (SA) node
2. Atrioventricular (AV) node
3. Bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle)
4. L/R Bundle Branch
5. Purkinje Fibers
What provides blood to the Circle of Willis?
R&L vertebral arteries and R&L internal carotid arteries
What is the function of the spleen?
blood reservoir, monitors blood for antigens, sends out immune response if found, contains phagocytic cells
What salivary glands does the facial nerve innervate?
Submandibular and sublingual
Cervical C1-C4
Brachial C5-8, T1
Lumbar L1-L4
Sacral L4-L5, S1-S4
Describe the entire flow of blood going through the heart (16 steps from review slideshow)
Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, body, veins, superior/inferior vena cava
Trace the path a RBC would take from the hand back to the heart via the deep route.
Palmar venous arch → radial/ulnar veins → brachial veins → axillary vein → subclavian vein → brachiocephalic vein → superior vena cava → right atrium
What is MALT? What is the function of MALT?
mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
function: detect antigen in these areas and begin an immune response