Transcription Mostly
What is the process of making RNA from a DNA template strand called?
What is transcription
what are the 3 post transcriptional modifications?
capping, poly a tail, splicing
What end of a tRNA does the amino acid attach to?
3'
what are the steps of translation?
initiation, elongation, termination
are all mutagens carcinogens?
NO.... but all carcinogens are mutagens
what is the central dogma
dna --> rna -----> protein/polypeptides
Do bacteria use caps or tails after transcription?
NO....
Bacteria don't need those!
what is the part of tRNA that interacts with a codon called?
anticodon
during TRANSLATION, the mRNA is read in what direction?
5' to 3'
what is the definition of cancer
uncontrolled cell division; multiple genetic changes to the same cell
where does transcription occur in eukaryotes vs in prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes: Nucleus
Prokaryotes: Cytoplasm
What end of the growing RNA molecule does RNA polymerase add on to?
What is 3' end?
what does it mean for a trna to be charged?
the trna has an amino acid attached
What is a missense mutation and give an example
a missense mutation changes a single amino acid
an example would be sickle cell
what does the promoter region do?
a part of DNA in transcription where transcription factors (like sigma factor) bind to start transcription
What does a spliceosome do?
They remove the introns and keep the exons
What happens to an uncharged tRNA after leaving the ribosome?
It is recharged and a new amino acid is attached to the tRNA
what would happen if the release factors in translation stopped working?
translation wouldn't end at the right point on mRNA, proteins would be longer than they should
Can a germ line or somatic mutation be passed on to offspring? Why?
Germ line mutation because the mutation occurs in egg or sperm cells
what happens during the elongation step of transcription?
what happens during the elongation step of translation?
transcription: RNA molecule synthesized
translation: protein is synthesized
What would happen if we didn't have the polyA tail?
- it would degrade quickly
explain the difference between benign, malignant, and metastasis in cancer
benign: mutations in a cell that results in a tumor
malignant: continued accumulation of mutations
metastasis: tumor cells enter blood stream